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Fungal Amylases and Their Industrial Applications

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Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Discovering new industrial applications of microorganisms is diverse as they come from a variety of environmental niches. The majority of existing biotechnological applications are of microbial origin and enzymes are the most important among them. Microbial enzymes surpass those from animals and plant sources due to their ease of production and genetic manipulation, diverse catalytic activities, and many more. The role of enzymes in many processes has been known for a very long time in which the enzymes from microorganisms are used particularly for baking, brewing, alcohol production, cheese making, and many others. Starch represents one of the most pervasive and important renewable biological resources that form a major source of the food chain to a large population. Starch hydrolysis forms the basis of many industrial processes, and acid hydrolysis was significant during the earlier days. However, this was almost completely replaced by enzymatic hydrolysis; nowadays, since the availability and abundance of starch hydrolyzing microorganisms, corrosion-free reaction, and specificity of the reaction. One of the major applications of these enzymes is in the food industry and starch hydrolysis yields a diverse range of products such as glucose, maltose and fructose syrups, cyclodextrins, fat mimetics substances, and so on. They also find applications as brewing and baking agents. Enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification of starch require higher temperatures, which demand novel thermostable amylases. In this chapter, we discuss various aspects of amylase enzymes, their sources, application in the food, textile, paper, biofuel/bio-ethanol, detergent, and soap industries with challenges and prospects associated with amylase and associated industries.

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Acknowledgments

Mr. Anirudh Gururaj Patil (LIF-02-2019-20) would like to thank DST-KSTePS, GoK, for providing DST Ph.D. fellowship. Dr. Farhan Zameer (FZ) sincerely thanks Prof. Dr. Shubha Gopal, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, and Prof. Dr. Juergen Kreft, Department of Microbiology, University of Wurzburg, Germany, for their mentorship. FZ is also thankful to Dr. MN Nagendra Prasad, Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysore, and Dr. Shaukath Ara Khanum, Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja College, University of Mysore, Mysore, for their long-term collaboration in understanding the biology of chemical molecules. All authors thank Prof. Sunil S. More and Prof. Muthuchelian K, SBAS, Dayananda Sagar University (DSU), for continuous support. Further, we thank Mr. Vimal John Samuel, Mrs. K.B. Premakumari, Mr. Sunil, and Prof. V. Murgan, from the School of Pharmacy, DSU, for their technical assistance during the preparation of the manuscript. Further, we extend our gratitude toward the management and office bearers of Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, for constant inspiration, motivation, and encouragement to pursue scientific research and for the DSU seed grant funding for the year 2020–2021.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PathoGutOmic Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Anirudh G. Patil, S. Aishwarya, Roshan Pais & Farhan Zameer

  2. Post Graduate Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India

    Kounaina Khan & Subrahmanya Padyana

  3. Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Ravish Huchegowda

  4. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kakarla Raghava Reddy

  5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

    Haider Alrafas

  6. J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA

    Roshan Dsouza

  7. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    J. Madhavi

  8. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. KSG Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  9. Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Anjanapura V. Raghu

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  1. Anirudh G. Patil
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  3. Gopi Nath PG College, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neelam Yadav

  4. Senior Research Scientist, ERA Chair-VALORTECH, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia

    Minaxi Sharma

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Patil, A.G. et al. (2021). Fungal Amylases and Their Industrial Applications. In: Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Yadav, A.N., Yadav, N., Sharma, M. (eds) Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_11

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