Abstract
Labeled data are required for feeding machine learning algorithms and training effectively performing models. Handcrafted annotations of data, made by human experts, require much effort and this task is made heavier when some comfortable tools, for making annotations over the objects, are not available or easily accessible. Furthermore, annotations should be provided in machine-readable formats, to be ready to use in machine learning tasks. In this work, we introduce PrettyTags, an easy-to-use and customizable tool for making text spans annotations, that will be released as an open-source web application. We present a detailed overview of the main features offered by PrettyTags and we also discuss the possibility to link entities annotations in the textual documents to an ontology-based system, for enriching entities semantic representations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Apostolova, E., Neilan, S., An, G., Tomuro, N., Lytinen, S.L.: A light-weight web-based tool for distributed collaborative text annotation, Djangology (2010)
Chianese, A., Marulli, F., Piccialli, F., Benedusi, P., Jung, J. E.: An associative engines based approach supporting collaborative analytics in the internet of cultural things. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Cloud and Distributed System Application and he 10th International 3PGCIC-2015 Conference (2015)
Cejuela, J.M., Rost, B.: Tagtog: collaborative interactive semi-supervised learning and annotation web-based framework (2011)
Di Martino, B., Marulli, F., Lupi, P., Cataldi, A.: A machine learning based methodology for automatic annotation and anonymisation of privacy-related items in textual documents for justice domain. In: Barolli, L., Poniszewska-Maranda, A., Enokido, T. (eds.) Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems. CISIS 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 1194. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50454-0_55
Galeota, E., Pelizzola, M.: Ontology-based annotations and semantic relations in large-scale (epi) genomics data. Brief. Bioinform. 18(3), 403–412 (2017)
Horridge, M., Bechhofer, S.: The owl api: a java api for owl ontologies. Semantic web 2(1), 11–21 (2011)
Khatri, P., Done, B., Rao, A., Done, A., Draghici, S.: A semantic analysis of the annotations of the human genome. Bioinformatics 21(16), 3416–3421 (2005)
Kiesel, J., Wachsmuth, H., Al Khatib, K., Stein, B.: Wat-SL: a customizable web annotation tool for segment labeling. In: Proceedings of the Software Demonstrations of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 13–16 (2017)
Klie, J.C., Bugert, M., Boullosa, B., de Castilho, R.E., Gurevych, I.: The inception platform: Machine-assisted and knowledge-oriented interactive annotation. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pp. 5–9 (2018)
Klie, J.C., Bugert, M., Boullosa, B., de Castilho, R.E., Gurevych, I.: The inception platform: machine-assisted and knowledge-oriented interactive annotation. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pp. 5–9. Association for Computational Linguistics, June 2018
Martinelli, F., Marulli, F., Mercaldo, F., Marrone, S., Santone, A.: Enhanced privacy and data protection using natural language processing and artificial intelligence. In: 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2020)
Marulli, F., Benedusi, P., Racioppi, A. and Ungaro, L.F.: What’s the matter with cultural heritage tweets? an ontology–based approach for ch sensitivity estimation in social network activities. In: 2015 11th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), pp. 789–795. IEEE (2015)
Marulli F., Pota M., Esposito M.: A Comparison of Character and Word Embeddings in Bidirectional LSTMs for POS Tagging in Italian. In: De Pietro, G., Gallo, L., Howlett, R., Jain, L., Vlacic, L. (eds.) Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services. KES-IIMSS-18 2018. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol. 98 (2019). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92231-7_2
Marulli, F., Pota, M., Esposito, M., Maisto, A., Guarasci, R.: Tuning SyntaxNet for POS tagging Italian sentences. In: Xhafa, F., Caballé, S., Barolli, L. (eds.) Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing. 3PGCIC 2017. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol. 13. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69835-9_30
Moscato, F., Di Martino, B., Venticinque, S., Martone, A.: Overfa: a collaborative framework for the semantic annotation of documents and websites. Int. J. Web Grid Serv. 5(1), 30–45, (2009). Cited By :20
Neves, M., Ševa, J.: An extensive review of tools for manual annotation of documents. Briefings Bioinform. 22(1), 146–163 (2019)
Pustejovsky, J., Stubbs, A.: Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning: A guide to corpus-building for applications. O’Reilly Media, Inc. (2012)
Salgado, D., et al.: Myminer: a web application for computer-assisted biocuration and text annotation. Bioinformatics 28(17), 2285–2287 (2012)
Shindo, H., Munesada, Y., Matsumoto, Y.: PDFanno: a web-based linguistic annotation tool for pdf documents. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018) (2018)
Stenetorp, P., Pyysalo, S., Topić, G., Ohta, T., Ananiadou, S., Tsujii, J.I.: BRAT: a web-based tool for NLP-assisted text annotation. In: Proceedings of the Demonstrations at the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 102–107 (2012)
Tkachenko, M., Malyuk, M., Shevchenko, N., Holmanyuk, A., Liubimov, N.: Label Studio: Data labeling software, 2020-2021. https://github.com/heartexlabs/label-studio
Yimam, S.M., Gurevych, I., de Castilho, R.E., Biemann, C.: A flexible, web-based and visually supported system for distributed annotations. In: Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pp. 1–6 (2013)
Acknowledgements
The study described in this work was performed and co-funded as a part of the research activities of the Applied Research Project “Big data Giustizia e Datawarehouse” promoted by the Italian Ministry of Justice and realized by Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l’Informatica (CINI). The research described in this work was also funded and realized within the activities of the Research Program “VanvitelliV:ALERE 2020 - WAIILD TROLS”, financed by Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in 2020, Italy.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Di Martino, B., Marulli, F., Graziano, M., Lupi, P. (2021). PrettyTags: An Open-Source Tool for Easy and Customizable Textual MultiLevel Semantic Annotations. In: Barolli, L., Yim, K., Enokido, T. (eds) Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems. CISIS 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 278. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79725-6_64
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79725-6_64
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-79724-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-79725-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)