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Drug Resistance in Protozoal Infections

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Biochemistry of Drug Resistance

Abstract

Parasitic infections have enormous health, social, and economic influence worldwide, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. Diseases caused by protozoan parasites, like malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, etc. have major contributions in the global death rate due to infections. The burden of these parasitic protozoans has increased around the globe due to the lack of effective, commercially-availablevaccines, and the production of less efficacious drugs with poor pharmacokinetics. Unfortunately, in areas with endemic protozoan infections, antiparasitic drugs use and efficacy have been compromised by drug resistance. The development of resistance has been found to be associated with decreased drug uptake, the export of drugs from parasites, genetic modifications, loss of drug activity, and alteration of the drug target. Recently, the isolation and characterization of resistance-related genes and proteins have increased the knowledge about drug resistance greatly and provided a way forward for the identification of new drug candidates. In this chapter, our focus will be on the mode of action and mechanism of resistance development of those drugs used to treat protozoal infections in human including malaria, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, cystoisosporiasis, babesiosis, and leishmaniasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology (Parasitology Section), KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan & Haider Abbas

  2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sohail Sajid & Mahvish Maqbool

  3. One Health Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sohail Sajid

  4. School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland, 4343, Australia

    Malcolm K. Jones

  5. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irfan Ullah

  6. Department of Clincial Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciecnes, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Nabeel Ijaz

Authors
  1. Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
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  2. Haider Abbas
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  3. Muhammad Sohail Sajid
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  4. Mahvish Maqbool
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  5. Malcolm K. Jones
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  6. Muhammad Irfan Ullah
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  7. Nabeel Ijaz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan

    Sarfraz Ahmed

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China

    Suvash Chandra Ojha

  3. Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq

  4. Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan

    Muhammad Younus

  5. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

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Rizwan, H.M. et al. (2021). Drug Resistance in Protozoal Infections. In: Ahmed, S., Chandra Ojha, S., Najam-ul-Haq, M., Younus, M., Hashmi, M.Z. (eds) Biochemistry of Drug Resistance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76320-6_4

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