Abstract
Siliceous nanomaterials are attractive candidates for applications in cancer theranostics due to their precise synthesis control, ease of surface functionalization, accuracy of characterization, controllable release of cargo, and predictable pharmacokinetics. However, the inorganic silica core inherent to these nanomaterials has colloidal instability and can be cytotoxic, presenting notable challenges for their clinical translation. Surface coatings may be used to overcome this hurdle, by improving their stability, safety, and biological activity and thereby supporting their development for various biomedical applications. Out of the various surface coatings tested to date, lipid-based coatings have shown notable potential due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, where lipids have demonstrated clinical success in the form of liposomal drug delivery systems. In this chapter, we will discuss lipid-coated siliceous nanomaterials, with an emphasis on the principles of lipid coating, the enhanced biocompatibility brought about by the lipid shell, and the use of lipid-coated silica nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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Notes
- 1.
This is a technology that detects subtle molecular changes that occur before macroscopic physiological changes are visible. The obtained gene expression profile shows the number of differentially expressed transcripts that reflects the disruption level induced by exogenous systems (herein, NPs).
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Appendix
Appendix
Acronym | Definition | Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
BET surface area | The Brunauer-Emmett-teller surface area | IPA | Ingenuity pathway analysis |
BL6 | Mouse cell line derived from melanoma | KB cells | Subline of the ubiquitous KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa |
Cd | Cadmium | Kg | Kilograms |
CdSe | Cadmium selenide | KLA | Acetyl-(KLAKLAK)2-NH2 |
C57 | A common inbred strain of laboratory mouse | KPC | Mouse is an established and clinically relevant model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
CHALV-1 antibodies | Hepatocellular carcinoma antibody | LC | Lipid coated |
CHO | Hamster ovary cells | MCF-7 | Human breast cancer cell line with estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors |
Chol | Cholesterol | mg | Milligrams |
Cryo-em | Cryogenic electron microscopy | MMSN | Magnetic-silica nanoparticles |
DHPE | N-(Fluorescein-5-Thiocarbamoyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, triethylammonium salt | MPS | Mononuclear phagocytic system |
DMPC | 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | MOFs | Metal-organic frameworks |
DOCP | 2-((2,3-Bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate | MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
DOPC | 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | MSN | Mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
DOPE | 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine | mV | Millivolt |
DOPS | 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | NPs | Nanoparticles |
DOTAP | Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane | OVA | Ovalbumin |
DOX | Doxorubicin | OX | Oxaliplatin |
DP | Covalently conjugated dipalmitoyl | PANC-1 | Human pancreatic cancer cell line isolated from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal cell origin |
DPCL | Cardiolipin/N-dodecylpyridinium chloride | PDAC | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
DPPA | 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid | PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
DPPC | 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | PHS | pH-sensitive |
DPPE | Phosphatidylethanolamine/ 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane | PK | Pharmacokinetics |
DSC | Differential scanning calorimetry | POPC | 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine |
DSN | Ocetaxel-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles | PTX | Paclitaxel |
DSPC | 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | QDs | Quantum dots |
DSPE | 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine | Q-SiPaLC | Quantum dot containing silica nanoparticles |
DTT | Dithiothreitol | RBCs | Red blood cells |
EGF | Epidermal growth factor | RNP | Ribonucleoprotein |
EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | siRNA | Small interfering RNA |
EISA | Evaporation-induced self-assembly | SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
FA | Folate | SLB | Supported lipid bilayer |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration | SM(PEG)24 | (Succinimidyl-[(N-maleimidopropionamido)-tetracosaethyleneglycol] ester) cross-linker |
FTIR | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy | SP-94 | Targeting peptide for hepatocellular carcinoma |
Gd | Gadolinium(III) | SUVs | Small unilamellar vesicles/liposomes |
GEM | Gemcitabine | TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
HuH7 cells | Derived cellular carcinoma cell line that was originally taken from a liver tumor | TL | Targeting ligand |
I | Immunogenic | ZnS | Zinc sulfide |
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Noureddine, A. et al. (2021). Emerging Lipid-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. In: Saravanan, M., Barabadi, H. (eds) Cancer Nanotheranostics. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74330-7_12
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