Skip to main content

Intersectionality and Transnationality as Key Tools for Gender-Sensitive Migration Research

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Migration

Abstract

In most countries of the global North, the portrayal of migrants in public discourses is strongly influenced by stereotypical representations in which gender relations play a central role. For an appropriate analysis, insights from Gender Studies and from Migration Studies need to be taken into account. Both disciplines produce critical perspectives to deconstruct gender images in the context of migrant Othering. We argue that two paradigms, namely a transnational and an intersectional perspective, are necessary to provide these critical insights. This chapter deals with the question of how intersectional and transnational perspectives can be used for the analysis of gender relations in the context of migration processes. We start this article by providing an overview over (the development of) intersectionality as one of the most broadly discussed theories/methodologies in Gender Studies. We describe variations and disputes around its conceptualisation in the context of social inequality analysis and confront/combine them in the second part with transnational migration research which is currently an important theoretical frame in Migration Studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Migrant care givers are also found in huge numbers in hospitals, elderly homes or care centres for disabled and convalescents (Kigma, 2005).

  2. 2.

    http://decent-care-work.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Project-description_Decent-Care-Work.pdf.

References

  • Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelina, A. (2017). Trannationalizing inequalities: Sociocultural boundaries, assemblages and regimes of intersectionion. London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelina, A., & Faist, T. (2012). De-naturalizing the national in research methodologies: Key concepts of transnational studies in migration. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35, 1707–1724. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.659273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amelina, A., & Lutz, H. (2019). Gender and migration: Transnational and intersectional prospects. London, England; New York, USA: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelina, A., Nergiz, D., Faist, T., & Glick Schiller, N. (2012). Beyond methodological nationalism: Research methodologies for cross-border studies. London, England. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthias, F. (2001). The concept of ‘social division’ and theorising social stratification: Looking at ethnicity and class. Sociology, 35, 835–854.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthias, F. (2012). Transnational mobilities, migration research and intersectionality: Towards a trans-locational frame. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 2, 102–110. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10202-011-0032-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anthias, F. (2020). Translocational belonging: Identities, inequalities, intersectionalities. London, England: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Anthias, F., & Yuval Davis, N. (1992). Racialized boundaries: Race, nation, gender, colour and class and the anti-racist struggle. London, England and New York, USA. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aulenbacher, B., & Leiblfinger, M. (2019). The “fictitious commodity” care and the reciprocity of caring: a Polanyian and neo-institutionalist perspective on the brokering of 24-hour care. In R. Atzmüller, B. Aulenbacher, U. Brand, F. Décieux, K. Dörre, K. Fischer, & B. Sauer (Eds.), Capitalism in transformation, movements and countermovements in the 21st Century (pp. 245–260). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldassar, L., & Merla, L. (2014). Transnational families, migration and the circulation of care: Understanding mobility and absence in family life. London, England and New York, USA: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barglowski, K., Bilecen, B., & Amelina, A. (2015). Approaching transnational social protection: Methodological challenges and empirical applications. Population, Space and Place, 21, 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1935.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benazha, A., & Lutz, H. (2019). Intersektionale Perspektiven auf die Pflege: Geschlechterverhältnisse und Migrationsprozesse. In C. Rudolph & K. Schmidt (Eds.), Interessenvertretung und Care. Voraussetzungen, Akteure und Handlungsebenen (pp. 146–160). Münster: Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1985). Sozialer Raum und >Klassen<: Zwei Vorlesungen. Berlin, Germany: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, K. (2004). Advances in health care organization theory. Contemporary Sociology, 33, 311–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/009430610403300325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryceson, D., & Vuorela, U. (2002). Transnational families in the twenty-first century. In D. Bryceson & U. Vuorela (Eds.), The transnational family: New European frontiers and global networks (pp. 3–30). Oxford: Berg Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carling, J., Menjívar, C., & Schmalzbauer, L. (2012). Central themes in the study of transnational parenthood. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 38, 191–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012.646417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charsley, K., & Liversage, A. (2013). Transforming polygamy: Migration, transnationalism and multiple marriages among Muslim minorities. Global Networks, 13, 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2012.00369.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. London, England: HarperCollins Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Combahee River Collective. (1981). A black feminist statement. In C. Moraga & G. Azaldua (Eds.), Writings by radical women of color (pp. 210–218). New York: Kitchen Table, Women of Color Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. W. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. In University of Chicago Legal Forum, Feminism in the law: Theory, practice and criticism (pp. 139–168). University of Chicago Press. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf.

  • Crenshaw, K. W. (2011). Demarginalising the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of anti-discrimination doctrine, feminist theory and anti-racist politics. In H. Lutz, M. T. Herrera Vivar, & L. Supik (Eds.), Framing intersectionality: An introduction (pp. 25–42). Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Genova, N. (2016). The European question: Migration, race, and postcoloniality in Europe. Social Text, 34, 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-3607588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietze, G. (2019). Sexueller Exzeptionalismus. Bielefeld: Transcript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faist, T. (2000). The volume and dynamics of international migration and transnational social spaces. Oxford, England: Claredon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamburd, M. (2000) The kitchen spoon’s handle: Transnationalism and Sri Lanka’s migrant housemaids. Ithaca, USA and London, England: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerhard, U. (2014). Care als sozialpolitische Herausforderung moderner Gesellschaften – Das Konzept fürsorglicher Praxis in der europäischen Geschlechterforschung. In B. Aulenbacher, B. Riegraf, & H. Theobald (Eds.), Sorge: Arbeit, Verhältnisse, Regime (pp. 69–88). Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick Schiller, N., Basch, L., & Szanton Blanc, C. (1995). From immigrant to transmigrant: Theorizing transnational migration. Anthropological Quarterly, 68, 48–63. https://doi.org/10.2307/3317464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldring, L. (1998). The power of status in transnational social fields. In M. P. Smith & L. E. Guarnizo (Eds.), Transnationalism from below. Transaction: New Brunswick, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, P., & Tyler, M. (2007). Un/doing gender and the aesthetics of organizational performance. Gender, Work & Organization, 14, 512–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2007.00369.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haraway, D. (1988). Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies, 14, 575–599. https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hochschild, A. (2000). Global care chains and emotional surplus value. In W. Hutton & A. Giddens (Eds.), On the edge: Living with global capitalism (pp. 130–146). London: Jonathan Cape.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochschild, A. (2001). Globale Betreuungsketten und emotionaler Mehrwert. In W. Hutton & A. Giddens (Eds.), Die Zukunft des globalen Kapitalismus (pp. 157–176). Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2001). Immigrant women and paid domestic work: Research, theory, and activism. In J. R. Blau (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to sociology (pp. 423–436). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P., & Avila, E. (1997). “I’m here, but I’m there”: The meanings of Latina transnational motherhood. Gender & Society, 11, 548–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ILO. (2013). Domestic workers across the world: Global and Regional statistics and the extent of legal protection. Geneva: International Labour Organization. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/—publ/documents/publication/wcms_173363.pdf.

  • ILO. (2015). ILO global estimates on migrant workers: Results and methodology: Special focus on migrant domestic workers. Geneva: International Labour Organization. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_436343.pdf.

  • Kigma, M. (2005). Nurses on the move: Migration and the global health care economy. Ithaca, USA: Cronell University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Korteweg, A. C., & Yurdakul, G. (2014). The headscarf debates: Conflicts of national belonging. Palo Alto, USA: Stanford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Levitts, P., & Glick Schiller, N. (2004). Conceptualizing simultaneity: A transnational social field perspective on society. International Migration Review, 38, 1002–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00227.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2010). Unsichtbar und unproduktiv? Haushaltsarbeit und Care Work – die Rückseite der Arbeitsgesellschaft. Österreichische Zeitschrift Für Soziologie, 35, 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-010-0052-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2011). The new maids: Transnational women and the care economy. London, England: Zed Books.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2016). Intersectionality’s amazing journey: Toleration, adaptation and appropriation. Rassegna Italiana Di Sociologia, 3, 421–437. https://doi.org/10.1423/84371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2017a). Care as a fictitious commodity: Reflections on the intersections of migration, gender and care regimes. Migration Studies, 5, 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnx046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2017b). Euro orphans—The stigmatization of migrant motherhood. In Y. Ergas, J. Jenson, & S. Michel (Eds.), Reassembling motherhood: Procreation and care in a globalized world (pp. 247–268). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2018a). Care migration: The connectivity between care chains, care circulation and transnational social inequality. A Global Sociology of Care and Care Work, Current Sociology Monograph, 66, 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392118765213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2018b). Masculinity, care and stay-behind fathers: A post-socialist perspective. Critical Sociology, 8, 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920517749707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. (2018c). Die Hinterbühne der Care-Arbeit. Transnationale Perspektiven auf Care-Migration im geteilten Europa. Wiesbaden: Beltz Juventa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H., Herrera Vivar, M. T., & Supik, L. (2011). Framing intersectionality: Debates on a multi-faceted concept in gender studies. Farnham, England: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H., & Palenga-Möllenbeck, E. (2011). Care, gender and migration: Towards a theory of transnational domestic work migration in Europe. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 19, 349–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2011.610605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H., & Wenning, N. (2001). Unterschiedlich verschieden. Differenz in der Erziehungswissenschaft. Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzucato, V., & Schans, D. (2011). Transnational families and the well-being of children: Conceptual and methodological challenges. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 704–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00840.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCall, L. (2005). Do they know and do they care? Americans’ awareness of rising inequality. Berkeley, USA: University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel, S., & Peng, I. (2012). All in family? Migrants, nationhood, and care regimes in Asia and North America. Journal of European Social Policy, 22, 406–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928712449774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, B. (2016). Wert-Abjektion: zur Abwertung von Care-Arbeit im patriarchalen Kapitalismus – am Beispiel der ambulanten Pflege. Münster, Germany: Westfälisches Dampfboot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieswand, B. (2011). Theorising transnational migration: The status paradox of migration. New York, USA: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parreñas, R. (2005). Long distance intimacy: Class, gender and intergenerational relations between mothers and children in Filipino transnational families. Global Networks, 5, 317–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2005.00122.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parreñas, R. S. (2001). Servants of globalisation: Women, migration, and domestic work. Stanford, USA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pries, L. (2008). Rethinking transnationalism. London, England and New York, USA: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rossow, V., & Leiber, S. (2017). Zwischen Vermarktlichung und Europäisierung: Die wachsende Bedeutung transnational agierender Vermittlungsagenturen in der häuslichen Pflege in Deutschland. Sozialer Fortschritt, 66, 285–302. https://doi.org/10.3790/sfo.66.3-4.285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sciortino, G. (2004). Immigration in a mediterranean welfare state: The Italian experience in comparative perspective. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 6, 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/1387698042000273442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shinozaki, K. (2012). Transnational dynamics in researching migrants: Self-reflexivity and boundary-drawing in fieldwork. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(10), 1810–1827. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.659275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey, J. (1991). Brave new families: Stories of domestic upheaval in twentieth century America. New York: NY: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, J., Schwiter, K., & Anahi, V. (2019). Unsichtbare Care-Arbeit. Transnationale Sorgenketten für Schweizer Senior*innen. GeoAgenda, 1, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teo, Y. (2014). Population problems, family policies, and the naturalization of differentiated deservedness. In K. M. Nasir & B. S. Turner (Eds.), The future of Singapore: Population, society and the nature of the state (pp. 64–82). London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villa, P. (2011). Embodiment is always more: Intersectionality, subjection and the body. In H. Lutz, M. T. Herrera Vivar, & L. Supik (Eds.), Framing Intersectionlaity: Debates on a multifaceted concept in Gender studies (pp 171–186). Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Trotha, T. (1994). Koloniale Herrschaft. Zur soziologischen Theorie der Staatsentstehung am Beispiel des “Schutzgebietes Togo”. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S. (2009). Globalization and inequalities: Complexity and contested modernities. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S., et al. (2012). Intersectionality: Multiple inequalities in social theory. Sociology, 46, 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511416164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winker, G., & Degele, N. (2009). Intersektionalität. Zur Analyse sozialer Ungleichheiten. Bielefeld: Transcript.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Helma Lutz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lutz, H., Amelina, A. (2021). Intersectionality and Transnationality as Key Tools for Gender-Sensitive Migration Research. In: Mora, C., Piper, N. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63347-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63347-9_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-63346-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-63347-9

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics