Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO (2020) The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for Global Health governance. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1097. Online ahead of print
Stancu C, Sima A (2001) Statins: mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 5(4):378–387
Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Tan SY, Loh J et al (2020) Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA 323(15):1488–1494
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Zh L et al (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395(10229):1054–1062
Albarello F, Pianura E, Di Stefano F, Cristofaro M, Petrone A, Marchioni L et al (2020) 2019-novel coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: an uncommon radiological presentation. Int J Infect Dis 93:192–197
Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J et al (2020) Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 20(4):425–434
Liu L, Yang Y, Gao Z, Li M, Mu X, Ma X et al (2018) Practice of diagnosis and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in mainland China: a cross-sectional study. J Thorac Dis 10(9):5394–5404
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323(11):1061–1069
Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL et al (2020) Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan: retrospective case series. 368:m792. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m792. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y et al (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395(10223):507–513
World Health Organization (2020) Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Published 28 Jan 2020. Accessed 31 Jan 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-managementof-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novelcoronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected
Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E et al (2012) Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA 307(23):2526–2533
Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P, Barsoum RS, Burdmann EA, Goldstein SL et al (2012) Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney InjuryWork group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2(1):1–138
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395(10223):497–506
Parry J (2020) Wuhan: Britons to be evacuated as scientists estimate 44 000 cases of 2019-nCOV in the city. 368:m351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m351
Ambrosino I, Barbagelata E, Ortona E, Ruggieri A, Massiah G, Giannico OV et al (2020) Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: a narrative review. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 90:2. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2020.1389
Espinosa OA, Zanetti ADS, Antunes EF, Longhi FG, Matos TA, Battaglini PF (2020) Prevalence of comorbidities in patients and mortality cases affected by SARS-CoV2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 62:e43. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202062043
Xiao J, Fang M, Chen Q, He B (2020) SARS, MERS and COVID-19 among healthcare workers: a narrative review. J Infect Public Health 13(6):843–848
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H et al (2020) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 8(5):475–481
Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C et al (2020) Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 382(10):970–971
Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, Lam P, Li T, Yap F, Lam D et al (2004) Short-term outcome of critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Intensive Care Med 30(3):381–387
Chan KW, Wong VT, Tang SCW (2020) COVID-19: an update on the epidemiological, clinical, preventive and therapeutic evidence and guidelines of integrative Chinese-Western medicine for the management of 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Am J Chin Med 48(3):737–762
Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q (2020) Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol 92(6):568–576
Declarations
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, and written informed consent was obtained from patients involved before enrolment when data were collected retrospectively. Thanks to guidance and advice from the Clinical Research Development Unit of Baqiyatallah Hospital.
Funding/Support
This work was supported by the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Availability of Data and Materials
Data associated with this study is available from the corresponding authors on a reasonable request.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vahedian-Azimi, A. et al. (2021). The Primary Outcomes and Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran. In: Guest, P.C. (eds) Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1321. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59260-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59261-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)