Abstract
We aim to observe differences between surrogate model assisted covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategies applied to simple test problems. We propose a simple Gaussian process assisted strategy as a baseline. The performance of the algorithm is compared with those of several related strategies using families of parameterized, unimodal test problems. The impact of algorithm design choices on the observed differences is discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bajer, L., Pitra, Z., Repický, J., Holeňa, M.: Gaussian process surrogate models for the CMA evolution strategy. Evol. Comput. 27(4), 665–697 (2019)
Bouzarkouna, Z., Auger, A., Ding, D.Y.: Investigating the local-meta-model CMA-ES for large population sizes. In: Di Chio, C., et al. (eds.) EvoApplications 2010. LNCS, vol. 6024, pp. 402–411. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12239-2_42
Hansen, N.: The CMA evolution strategy: a tutorial. arxiv:1604.00772 (2016)
Hansen, N.: A global surrogate assisted CMA-ES. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference – GECCO 2019, pp. 664–672. ACM Press (2019)
Hansen, N., Arnold, D.V., Auger, A.: Evolution strategies. In: Kacprzyk, J., Pedrycz, W. (eds.) Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence, pp. 871–898. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_44
Hansen, N., Müller, S.D., Koumoutsakos, P.: Reducing the time complexity of the derandomized evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation (CMA-ES). Evol. Comput. 11(1), 1–18 (2003)
Hansen, N., Ostermeier, A.: Completely derandomized self-adaptation in evolution strategies. Evol. Comput. 9(2), 159–195 (2001)
Igel, C., Suttorp, T., Hansen, N.: A computational efficient covariance matrix update and a (1+1)-CMA for evolution strategies. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference – GECCO 2006, pp. 453–460. ACM Press (2006)
Jin, Y.: Surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation: recent advances and future challenges. Swarm Evol. Comput. 1(2), 61–70 (2011)
Kayhani, A., Arnold, D.V.: Design of a surrogate model assisted (1 + 1)-ES. In: Auger, A., Fonseca, C.M., Lourenço, N., Machado, P., Paquete, L., Whitley, D. (eds.) PPSN 2018. LNCS, vol. 11101, pp. 16–28. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99253-2_2
Kern, S., Hansen, N., Koumoutsakos, P.: Local meta-models for optimization using evolution strategies. In: Runarsson, T.P., Beyer, H.-G., Burke, E., Merelo-Guervós, J.J., Whitley, L.D., Yao, X. (eds.) PPSN 2006. LNCS, vol. 4193, pp. 939–948. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11844297_95
Kern, S., Müller, S.D., Hansen, N., Büche, D., Ocenasek, J., Koumoutsakos, P.: Learning probability distributions in continuous evolutionary algorithms – a comparative review. Nat. Comput. 3(1), 77–112 (2004)
Loshchilov, I.: Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms. Ph.D. thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI (2013)
Loshchilov, I., Schoenauer, M., Sebag, M.: Comparison-based optimizers need comparison-based surrogates. In: Schaefer, R., Cotta, C., Kołodziej, J., Rudolph, G. (eds.) PPSN 2010. LNCS, vol. 6238, pp. 364–373. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15844-5_37
Loshchilov, I., Schoenauer, M., Sebag, M.: Self-adaptive surrogate-assisted covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference – GECCO 2012, pp. 321–328. ACM Press (2012)
Loshchilov, I., Schoenauer, M., Sebag, M.: Intensive surrogate model exploitation in self-adaptive surrogate-assisted CMA-ES. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference – GECCO 2013, pp. 439–446. ACM Press (2013)
Rasmussen, C.E., Williams, C.K.I.: Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)
Rechenberg, I.: Evolutionsstrategie – Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution. Friedrich Frommann Verlag (1973)
Yang, J., Arnold, D.V.: A surrogate model assisted \((1+1)\)-ES with increased exploitation of the model. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference – GECCO 2019, pp. 727–735. ACM Press (2019)
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Toal, L., Arnold, D.V. (2020). Simple Surrogate Model Assisted Optimization with Covariance Matrix Adaptation. In: Bäck, T., et al. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XVI. PPSN 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12269. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58112-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58112-1_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58111-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58112-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)