Abstract
Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) simulations allow the prediction of complex interactions between fluid and solid mediums. Our application is the optimization of heat transfer between heat sinks and a cooling fluid, used to extract the heat from server infrastructure. Adjoint methods allow the optimization of high dimensional parameter settings, using sensitivity information. Compared to classical approaches to sensitivity generation, e.g. finite differences, a significant improvement in run time can be achieved, as the complexity of deriving the sensitivity scales with the output dimension, instead of the input (parameter) dimension. As an initial prove of concept, our discrete adjoint OpenFOAM framework has been extended to facilitate the differentiation of the chtMultiRegionSimpleFoam solver. To combat prohibitive memory loads a traditional and a novel checkpointing approach are used. We will present results of the heat transfer of a copper heat sink immersed in water.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dorfman AS (2009) Conjugate problems in convective heat transfer. CRC Press
Zeinalpour M, Mazaheri K, Kiani K (2016) A coupled adjoint formulation for non-cooled and internally cooled turbine blade optimization. Appl Therm Eng 105:327–335
Kontoleontos EA, Papoutsis-Kiachagias EM, Zymaris AS, Papadimitriou DI, Giannakoglou KC (2013) Adjoint-based constrained topology optimization for viscous flows, including heat transfer. Eng Opt 45(8):941–961
Burghardt O, Gauger NR, Economon TD (2019) Coupled adjoints for conjugate heat transfer in variable density incompressible flows. In: AIAA Aviat. 2019 Forum, p 3668
Towara M, Naumann U (2013) A discrete adjoint model for OpenFOAM. Procedia Comp Sci 18(0):429–438; Int Conf Comp Sci
Towara M, Schanen M, Naumann U (2015) MPI-parallel discrete adjoint OpenFOAM. Procedia Comp Sci 51:19–28; Int Conf Comp Sci
Towara M (2019) Discrete Adjoint Optimization with OpenFOAM. Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University
OpenFOAM Ltd, OpenFOAM—The Open Source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Toolbox. http://openfoam.com/
Griewank A, Walther A (2008) Evaluating derivatives: principles and techniques of algorithmic differentiation. SIAM
Christianson B, Forth SA, Griewank A (2018) editors: advances in algorithmic differentiation. Opt Meth Soft 33(4–6):671–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/10556788.2018.1486553
Patankar SV, Spalding D (1972) A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 15(10):1787–1806
Moukalled F, Mangani L, Darwish M, et al (2016) the finite volume method in computational fluid dynamics. Springer, Berlin
Naumann U (2009) DAG reversal is NP-complete. J Discret Algorithms 7:402–410
Leppkes K, Lotz J, Naumann U (2016) Derivative Code by Overloading in C++ (dco / C++): introduction and summary of features. Technical report AIB-2016-08, RWTH Aachen University (2016)
Griewank A, Walther A (2000) Algorithm 799: revolve: an implementation of checkpointing for the reverse or adjoint mode of computational differentiation. ACM Trans Math Soft 26(1)
Christianson B (1994) Reverse accumulation and attractive fixed points. Opt Methods Soft 3(4):311–326
Lotz J (2016) Hybrid approaches to adjoint code generation with dco/c++. Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University
Hascoët L, Naumann U, Pascual V (2005) “To be Recorded” analysis in reverse-mode automatic differentiation. Future Gener Comput Syst 21(8):1401–1417
Acknowledgments
This work is part of ZIM project Entwicklung optimierter Kühlgeometrien mittels adjungierter Simulationsmethoden für die Direkt-Heißwasserkühlung von Rechenzentren (Development of optimized cooling geometries for hot watercooling of data centers using adjoint simulation methods). It is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economical Affairs and Enegy (BMWi), on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Towara, M., Lotz, J., Naumann, U. (2021). Discrete Adjoint Approaches for CHT Applications in OpenFOAM. In: Gaspar-Cunha, A., Periaux, J., Giannakoglou, K.C., Gauger, N.R., Quagliarella, D., Greiner, D. (eds) Advances in Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design, Optimization and Control in Engineering and Sciences. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57422-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57422-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57421-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57422-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)