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Nephrology in China

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Nephrology Worldwide

Abstract

The Chinese Mainland is a big country with an area of 9,597,000 km2 and over 1.4 billion population. The Chinese Society of Nephrology (CSN) was established in 1980 and made many significant advances in the last 40 years in clinical practice, research, and academic development for nephrology in the Chinese Mainland. The Chinese Mainland faces a huge, growing burden of kidney diseases as a result of an increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity as well as an aging population with the one-child policy. The spectrum of kidney diseases has evolved in recent years with increasing contributions of noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes as the causes of kidney failure. The number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy and dialysis has grown substantially in the last 40 years and is anticipated to continue to rise in the next 10–20 years with societal modernization and demographic changes. To enable a better understanding of the demographics of the population with kidney diseases and the dialysis population in various parts of the Chinese Mainland that allows better national healthcare resources and manpower planning, the central government of People’s Republic of China has set up several national registries including the Chinese National Renal Data System in 2010, Hospital Quality Monitoring System in 2010, China Organ Transplant Response System in 2013, and China Kidney Disease Network in 2014. This chapter provides an overview of nephrology in China, including historical developments and highlights of nephrology in China, epidemiology of glomerular diseases, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, and acute kidney injury. The nephrology job market in the Chinese Mainland will be briefly discussed. Furthermore, a brief overview of nephrology in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be presented as the hospital system there is separate and very different from that in the Chinese Mainland.

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Declaration of Conflict of Interest

Angela Yee-Moon Wang, MD, PhD, has received speaker honorarium from Fresenius Kabi and Sanofi Renal and research funds from Baxter Corporation and Sanofi Renal.

Yu An, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Guang-Yan Cai, MD, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Jiang-Hua Chen, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Xiang-Mei Chen, MD, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Wei Chen, MD, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Zhao Cui, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Chuan-Ming Hao, MD, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Fan-Fan Hou, MD, PhD, is a study investigator and a consultant for and received honoraria from AstraZeneca.

Bi Cheng Liu, MD, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Zhi-Hong Liu, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Qing-Yu Niu, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Qi-Quan Sun, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Ren-Ding Wang, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Damin Xu, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Chao Yang, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Li Yang, MD, declares no conflict of interest.

Luxia Zhang, MD, PhD, received research funding from AstraZeneca.

Ming-Hui Zhao, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Li Zuo, MD, PhD, declares no conflict of interest.

Xue-Qing Yu, MD, PhD, Disclosure: China Q study sponsored by Baxter Healthcare Corporation; Lowering uric acid in PD patients by Wanbang company, China; Orchestra Study by Kyowa-Kirin, China; ROXADUSTAT Study by AstraZeneca; Lupus Nephritis Study by GSK. Consultant for Fresenius Kabi, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, and AstraZeneca.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

    Angela Yee-Moon Wang

  2. National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

    Yu An & Zhi-Hong Liu

  3. Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China

    Guang-Yan Cai & Xiang-Mei Chen

  4. Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Jiang-Hua Chen & Ren-Ding Wang

  5. National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Jiang-Hua Chen & Ren-Ding Wang

  6. Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    Wei Chen & Xue-Qing Yu

  7. Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    Wei Chen & Xue-Qing Yu

  8. Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China

    Zhao Cui, Damin Xu, Chao Yang, Li Yang, Luxia Zhang & Ming-Hui Zhao

  9. Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Chuan-Ming Hao

  10. Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China

    Fan-Fan Hou

  11. Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

    Bi-Cheng Liu

  12. Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China

    Qing-Yu Niu & Li Zuo

  13. Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Qi-Quan Sun

  14. National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China

    Luxia Zhang

  15. Peking Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China

    Ming-Hui Zhao

Authors
  1. Angela Yee-Moon Wang
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  2. Yu An
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  3. Guang-Yan Cai
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  4. Jiang-Hua Chen
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  5. Wei Chen
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  6. Xiang-Mei Chen
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  7. Zhao Cui
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  8. Chuan-Ming Hao
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  9. Fan-Fan Hou
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  10. Bi-Cheng Liu
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  11. Zhi-Hong Liu
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  12. Qing-Yu Niu
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  13. Qi-Quan Sun
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  14. Ren-Ding Wang
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  15. Damin Xu
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  16. Chao Yang
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  17. Li Yang
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  18. Luxia Zhang
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  19. Ming-Hui Zhao
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  20. Li Zuo
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  21. Xue-Qing Yu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Angela Yee-Moon Wang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Society of Nephrology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

    José A. Moura-Neto

  2. Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholms Län, Sweden

    José Carolino Divino-Filho

  3. DIMED - University of Padova, Department Nephrology Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy

    Claudio Ronco

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Wang, A.YM. et al. (2021). Nephrology in China. In: Moura-Neto, J.A., Divino-Filho, J.C., Ronco, C. (eds) Nephrology Worldwide. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56890-0_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56890-0_20

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56890-0

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