Abstract
The aging power system causes to several grid problems such as intermittency, power quality issues, and blackouts since a few decades. Therefore, the power infrastructure requires serious troubleshooting studies in a wide manner. The distributed generation and integration of large photovoltaic (PV) plants to the existing utility have led to intensive interest on DC power grid infrastructure. The widespread use of DC based microgrids decreases significant power losses and facilitates operation and maintenance of microgrids. Besides, DC loads are easily supplied by DC microgrids that eliminate the requirement for power inverters. It is noted that elimination of DC-AC power conversion can prevent power losses of entire system between 7 and 15% that is remarkable ratio for a microgrid. In one hand, the DC microgrids provide increased interest due to their advantages such as power density and distribution efficiency comparing to AC power systems. On the other hand, short-circuit current capabilities of DC microgrids lead to significant hazards for users and properties. Moreover, it is not possible to overcome arc faults occurred in a DC microgrid by using regular circuit breakers since DC current do not draw a natural zero crossing waveform. The cost and bulky structure of DC circuit breakers is another important issue in this regard. The actual fault protection systems are based on over current detection for power electronic devices and improved circuit breakers, distributed generation source controllers, and several types of relays. This chapter deals with fault detection methods and protection devices in low voltage DC (LVDC), medium voltage DC (MVDC), and high voltage DC (HVDC) networks. Protection schemes and improved devices with circuit topologies are presented regarding to DC microgrids.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
S.A. Hosseini, H.A. Abyaneh, S.H.H. Sadeghi, F. Razavi, A. Nasiri, An overview of microgrid protection methods and the factors involved. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 64, 174–186 (2016)
J. Shiles et al., Microgrid protection: An overview of protection strategies in North American microgrid projects (IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, 2017), pp. 1–5
L. Che, M.E. Khodayar, M. Shahidehpour, Adaptive protection system for microgrids: Protection practices of a functional microgrid system. IEEE Electrification Mag. 2(1), 66–80 (2014)
K.Y. Lien et al., A novel fault protection system using communication-assisted digital relays for AC microgrids having a multiple grounding system. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 78, 600–625 (2016)
A. Hooshyar. R. Iravani, Microgrid protection. Proc. IEEE 105(7), 1332–1353 (2017)
H.M. Sharaf, H.H. Zeineldin, E. El Saadany, Protection coordination for microgrids with grid-connected and islanded capabilities using communication assisted dual setting directional overcurrent relays. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(1), 143–151 (2018)
G. Buigues, A. Dysko, V. Valverde, I. Zamora, E. Fernandez, Microgrid protection: Technical challenges and existing techniques. Renew. Energy Power Qual. J. 222–227 (2013)
O. Nunez Mata, R. Palma Behnke, F. Valencia, P. Mendoza Araya, G. Jimenez Estevez, Adaptive protection system for microgrids based on a robust optimization strategy. Energies 11(2), 308 (2018(
S. Dhar, R.K. Patnaik, P.K. Dash, Fault detection and location of photovoltaic based DC microgrid using differential protection strategy. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(5(, 4303–4312 (2018(
K.J. Lee, G.S. Seo, B.H. Cho, DC arc fault Detection method for DC microgrid using branch monitoring. in 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE-ECCE Asia), Seoul, South Korea (2015), pp. 2079–2084
C. Aguilera, E. Orduna, G. Ratta, Adaptive Noncommunication Protection Based on Traveling Waves and Impedance Relay. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 21(3), 1154–1162 (2006)
J.D. Park, J. Candelaria, L. Ma, K. Dunn, DC Ring-bus microgrid fault protection and identification of fault location. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 28(4), 2574–2584 (2013)
A. Virdag, T. Hager, R.W. De Doncker, Estimation of short-circuit currents in future LVDC microgrids. CIRED—Open Access Proc. J. 1, 1098–1101 (2017)
M. Yu, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, DC short circuit fault analysis and protection of ring type DC microgrid. in IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), Hefei, China (2016), pp. 1694–1700
H. Kakigano, Y. Miura, T. Ise, Low-voltage bipolar-type DC microgrid for super high quality distribution. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 25(12), 3066–3075 (2010)
T. Dragicevic, X. Lu, J.C. Vasquez, J.M. Guerrero, D.C. Microgrids-Part II, A Review of power architectures, applications, and standardization issues. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(5), 3528–3549 (2016)
T. Dragicevic, J.C. Vasquez, J.M. Guerrero, D. Skrlec, Advanced LVDC electrical power architectures and microgrids: A step toward a new generation of power distribution networks. IEEE Electrification Mag. 2(1), 54–65 (2014)
D. Salomonsson, L. Soder, A. Sannino, Protection of low-voltage DC microgrids. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 24(3), 1045–1053 (2009)
S. Castellan, R. Menis, A. Tessarolo, F. Luise, T. Mazzuca, A review of power electronics equipment for all-electric ship MVDC power systems. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 96, 306–323 (2018)
M. Monadi, M.A. Zamani, C. Koch-Ciobotaru, J.I. Candela, P. Rodriguez, A communication-assisted protection scheme for direct-current distribution networks. Energy 109, 578–591 (2016)
M. Farhadi, O.A. Mohammed, Protection of multi-terminal and distributed DC systems: Design challenges and techniques. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 143, 715–727 (2017)
A.E.B. Abu Elanien, A.A. Elserougi, A.S. Abdel Khalik, A.M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, A differential protection technique for multi-terminal HVDC. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 130, 78–88 (2016)
Q. Yang, S. Le Blond, R. Aggarwal, Y. Wang, J. Li, New ANN method for multi-terminal HVDC protection relaying. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 148, 192–201 (2017)
J.D. Paez, D. Frey, J. Maneiro, S. Bacha, P. Dworakowski, Overview of DC-DC Converters dedicated to HVDC Grids. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 119–128 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kabalci, E. (2020). Protective Systems in DC Microgrids. In: Mahdavi Tabatabaei, N., Kabalci, E., Bizon, N. (eds) Microgrid Architectures, Control and Protection Methods. Power Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23723-3_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23723-3_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23722-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23723-3
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)