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Fungal Xylanases: Sources, Types, and Biotechnological Applications

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Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Xylanase is a class of hydrolytic enzymes which cleaves the linear polysaccharide, the major constituent of hemicellulose beta-1,4-xylan into xylose. The structure of xylanase is complex, repeated linear polymers of xylopyranosyl groups at numerous carbon positions with different acidic compounds or sugars. It plays a critical physiological role in plant tissue like seed germination, plant defense system, and softening of fruits. Among microbial sources, actinomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and yeast are the principal sources of xylanases. The chief xylanase producers from fungal genera include Aspergillus, Coriolus versicolor, Fusarium, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma, and Pichia. The commercialization of xylanase into the industry has increased significantly due to wide number of applications. They are used in paper industries, bio-bleaching of wood pulp, bioprocessing of textiles, food additives to poultry, improvement in the nutritional properties of grain feed and silage, extraction of plant oils, starch, and coffee, etc. Solid-state fermentation is an effective method for xylanase synthesis, predominantly by fungal culture due to the advantages like high productivity at low cost as it produces xylanase by consuming cheap substrate, which serve as the carbon source as a resultant total cost of the process decreases. Advancement in recombinant DNA technology led to the selection of xylanase-producing microorganisms which are more likely suitable for industrial applications. The advancement in the genetic engineering can help us to amend the fungal expression system for hyper-expression of the heterologous xylanase for production as well as industrial use. Using improved technical advancement systems, development of recombinant fungal expression systems by genetic approach will help in hyper-expression of xylanases and xylanase families for their production management at the industrial level.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are highly grateful to the Head of School, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, for providing necessary research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Simranjeet Singh, Gurpreet Kaur Sidhu & Daljeet Singh Dhanjal

  2. Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Simranjeet Singh

  3. Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Simranjeet Singh

  4. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Vijay Kumar

  5. Department of Zoology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Shivika Datta

  6. Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Joginder Singh

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Correspondence to Joginder Singh .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  2. QCQA Laboratory, Biotech Park, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shashank Mishra

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sangram Singh

  4. Department of Biology, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arti Gupta

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Singh, S., Sidhu, G.K., Kumar, V., Dhanjal, D.S., Datta, S., Singh, J. (2019). Fungal Xylanases: Sources, Types, and Biotechnological Applications. In: Yadav, A., Mishra, S., Singh, S., Gupta, A. (eds) Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_12

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