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The Stigma of Addiction in the Workplace

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The Stigma of Addiction

Abstract

Stigma related to alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is highly prevalent in society, including within the workplace. Workers who use AOD in ways contrary to social norms may be subject to negative assumptions regarding their capacity to be valuable employees. As a result, they can experience discrimination in hiring and career progression decisions, as well as marginalization and exclusion from full participation in work life. Workplaces may also implement policies and procedures in an effort to manage employee AOD use but in doing so inadvertently promote and perpetuate the stigmatization of individuals who use AOD. A “whole-of-workplace” approach is recommended as an alternative method of addressing workplace AOD use without concomitantly increasing stigma. In addition, a number of targeted antistigma strategies are suggested to decrease AOD-related stigma in the workplace, including information and education, workplace policies and supports, and societal strategies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this chapter, the term “AOD use” is taken to mean alcohol and/or drug use that is harmful, has adverse effects in the workplace, or is unsanctioned/problematic/otherwise contrary to societal norms or expectations in a given context. This generic term is preferred over “addiction” as it is broader and encompasses a wider range of issues and concerns. For instance, some AOD use can be extremely problematic, especially in the workplace, and heavily stigmatized but may not necessarily involve addiction.

  2. 2.

    This chapter refers throughout to stigma that can effect “people who use AOD.” However, as noted, the extent to which people who use AOD experience stigmatization depends heavily on personal characteristics and the type and context of use. Not everyone who uses AOD will experience stigma; indeed, in certain situations stigma can arise from not using AOD (e.g., social events). Our intention in using such broad terminology is to recognise that the experience of stigma is context dependent, and that while it may most commonly effect certain sub-groups (e.g., those who use illicit drugs at heavy/problematic levels; those who also belong to other stigmatized groups) it is not possible to definitively predict if and when a person who uses AOD will experience stigma as a result.

  3. 3.

    Cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, methamphetamine, cannabis, sedatives, pain relievers, stimulants, tranquilizers.

  4. 4.

    Five/four or more drinks on the same occasion for males/females.

  5. 5.

    Five/four or more drinks on the same occasion for males/females on each of five or more days in the past 30 days.

  6. 6.

    Although provisions exist for the elderly, those with low incomes, and Veterans, health care coverage remains incomplete; in the fourth quarter of 2017, 12% of Americans (39 million people) were uninsured. This is expected to further increase as the Affordable Care Act’s requirement that most people have some form of health insurance is effectively repealed starting in 2019 [56].

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Acknowledgment

The National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, is supported by funding from the Australian Government under the Drug and Alcohol Program.

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  1. National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Ann Roche, Victoria Kostadinov & Ken Pidd

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  1. Ann Roche
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Correspondence to Ann Roche .

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Jonathan D. Avery

  2. Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Joseph J. Avery

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Roche, A., Kostadinov, V., Pidd, K. (2019). The Stigma of Addiction in the Workplace. In: Avery, J., Avery, J. (eds) The Stigma of Addiction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02580-9_10

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