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Explorations fonctionnelles spécialisées du sperme et AMP

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Physiologie, pathologie et thérapie de la reproduction chez l’humain

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Résumé

La fécondation humaine implique une succession d’étapes palières aboutissant à l’activation de l’ovocyte et à l’initiation de l’embryogenèse. Le chemin jusqu’à l’ovocyte est long et semé d’embûches et il s’impose donc aux spermatozoïdes, d’être mobiles et fécondants. Au terme d’un parcours de près de 3 000 fois leur taille, les spermatozoïdes, ayant franchi le col et «escaladé» les voies génitales féminines, atteignent finalement le sommet des trompes de Fallope et gagnent l’ampoule tubaire. Le spermatozoïde, alors capacité, doit pénétrer le complexe cumulo-ovocytaire, reconnaître et se lier à la zone pellucide de l’ovocyte, réaliser sa réaction acrosomique et forer la zone pellucide. Parvenu dans l’espace périvitellin, il s’arrimera à la membrane plasmique ovocytaire. Les membranes spermatique et ovocytaire fusionneront et le contenu du spermatozoïde s’intègrera alors au cytoplasme ovocytaire. L’ADN très condensé contenu dans la tête spermatique devra être décondensé pour former le pronucleus mâle. Ainsi, le spermatozoïde élu aura franchi de nombreux obstacles pour apporter au but, ce qu’il aura jusqu’alors protégé, la moitié du patrimoine génétique du futur zygote.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire spermiologie et de biologie de la reproduction, Hôpital Albert Calmette CHRU de Lille Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59037, Lille Cedex

    F. Boitrelle

  2. CHIPS, 78303, Poissy-Saint, Germain

    F. Boitrelle

  3. Laboratoire de biologie de la reproduction-spermiologie, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre CHRU de Lille, Avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59037, Lille Cedex

    P. Marchetti, V. Mitchell & C. Marchetti

  4. Laboratoire d’histologie Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille II, Germain

    B. Leroy-Martin

Authors
  1. F. Boitrelle
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  2. P. Marchetti
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  3. V. Mitchell
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  4. B. Leroy-Martin
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  5. C. Marchetti
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Boitrelle, F., Marchetti, P., Mitchell, V., Leroy-Martin, B., Marchetti, C. (2011). Explorations fonctionnelles spécialisées du sperme et AMP. In: Physiologie, pathologie et thérapie de la reproduction chez l’humain. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0061-5_31

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0061-5_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0060-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0061-5

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