Skip to main content

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aylward EH, Burt DB, Thorpe LU. et al. (1997) Diagnosis of dementia in individuals with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 41: 152–164.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ball SL, Holland AJ, Huppert FA. et al. (2004) The modified CAMDEX informant interview is a valid and reliable tool for use in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 48: 611–620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Burt DB, Primeaux-Hart S, Loveland KA. et al. (2005) Comparing dementia diagnostic methods used with people with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil 2: 94–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Holland AJ, Hon J, Huppert FA. et al. (2000) Incidence and course of dementia in people with Down’s syndrome: Findings from a population-based study. J Intellect Disabil Res 44: 138–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Burt DB and Aylward E. (2000) Test battery for the diagnosis of dementia in individuals with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 44: 175–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Burt DB and Aylward E. (1998) Test Battery for the Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability. American Association on Mental Retardation.Washington:

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ball SL, Holland A J, Hon J et al. (in press) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry .

    Google Scholar 

  8. Burt DB, Primeaux-Hart S, Loveland KA. et al. (2005) Tests and medical conditions associated with dementia diagnosis. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil 2: 47–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Devenny DA, Krinsky-McHale SJ, Sersen G. et al. (2000) Sequence of cognitive decline in dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 44: 654–665.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kalsy S, McQuillan S, Adams D. et al. (2005) A proactive psychological screening strategy for dementia in adults with Down syndrome: Preliminary description of service use and evaluation. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil 2: 116–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kay DW, Tyrer SP, Margallo-Lana ML. et al. (2003) Preliminary evaluation of a scale to assess cognitive function in adults with Down syndrome: The Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test. J Intellect Disabil Res 47: 155–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Prasher VP. (1997) Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation (DMR). Modified criteria for adults with Down’s syndrome. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 10: 54–60.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Prasher VP. (2006) Macrocytosis: a peripheral marker for dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In Prasher V, Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Disease, Biological Correlates. Radcliffe Publishing.Oxon, UK:

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sano M, Aisen PS, Dalton AJ. et al. (2005) Assessment of aging individuals with Down syndrome in clinical trials: Results of baseline measures. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil 2: 126–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shultz J, Aman M, Kelbley T. et al. (2004) Evaluation of screening tools for dementia in older adults with mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 109: 98–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Silverman W, Schupf N, Zigman W. et al. (2004) Dementia in adults with mental retardation: Assessment at a single point in time. Am J Ment Retard 109: 111–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Palmer GA. (2006) Neuropsychological profiles of persons with mental retardation and dementia. Res Dev Disabil 27: 299–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Visser FE, Aldenkamp AP, van Huffelen AC. et al. (1997) Prospective study of the prevalence of Alzheimer-type dementia in institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome. Am J Ment Retard 101: 400–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nelson LD, Orme D, Osann K et al. (2001) Neurological changes and emotional functioning in adults with Down Syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 45: 450–456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zigman WB, Schupf N, Devenny DA. et al. (2004) Incidence and prevalence of dementia in elderly adults with mental retardation without Down syndrome. Am J Ment Retard 109: 126–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Burt DB, Primeaux-Hart S, Loveland KA. et al. (2005) Aging in adults with intellectual disabilities. Am J Ment Retard 110: 268–284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Busch A and Beail N. (2004) Risk factors for dementia in people with Down syndrome: Issues in assessment and diagnosis. Am J Ment Retard 109: 83–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Holland AJ, Hon J, Huppert F. et al. (1998) Population-based study of the prevalence and presentation of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 172: 493–498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Burt DB and Aylward EH. (1999) Assessment methods for diagnosis of dementia. In: Janicki M and Dalton A, Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dalton AJ and Crapper-McLachlan DR. (1984) Incidence of memory deterioration in aging persons with Down’s syndrome. In: Berg JM, Perspectives and Progress in Mental Retardation, Vol. 2. Biomedical Aspects. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hewitt KE, Carter G and Jancar J. (1985) Ageing in Down’s syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 147: 58–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Evenhuis HM. (1990) The natural history of dementia in Down’s syndrome. Arch Neurol 47: 263–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lai F and Williams RS. (1989) A prospective study of Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome. Arch Neurol 46: 849–853.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gedye A. (1998) Neuroleptic-induced dementia documented in four adults with mental retardation. Ment Retard 36: 182–186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Burt DB. (1999) Dementia and depression. In: Janicki M and Dalton A, Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  31. Thorpe LU. (1999) Psychiatric disorders. In: Janicki M and Dalton A, Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  32. Tsiouris JA. (1999) Psychotropic medications. In: Janicki M and Dalton A, Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  33. Dalton AJ and Fedor BL. (1998) Onset of dyspraxia in aging persons with Down syndrome: Longitudinal studies. J Intellect Dev Disabil 23: 13–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, and McHugh PR. (1975) Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatry Res 12: 189–198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gedye A. (1985) Dementia Scale for Down syndrome. Manual. Gedye Research and Consulting.Vancouver, BC:

    Google Scholar 

  36. Evenhuis HM, Kengen MMF, and Eurlings HAL. (1990) Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded Persons. Hooge Burch Institute for Mentally Retarded People.Zwannerdam, the Netherlands:

    Google Scholar 

  37. Janicki M and Dalton A, (1999) Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  38. Strydom A and Hassiotis A. (2003) Diagnostic instruments for dementia in older people with intellectual disability in clinical practice. Aging Mental Health 7: 432–437.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Evenhuis HM, Kengen MMF, and Eurlings HA. (1998) Dementie Vragenlijst voor Verstandelijk Gehandicapten (DVZ). Tweede, geheel gewijzigde druk, Harcourt Test Publishers, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Evenhuis HM, Kengen MMF, and Eurlings HAL. (2006) Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (DMR). Harcourt Test Publishers.Amsterdam:

    Google Scholar 

  41. Devenny DA, Zimmerli EJ, Kittle P et al. (2002) Cued recall in early-stage dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res: 46 472–483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kittler P, Krinsky-McHale SJ, and Devenny DA. (2006) Verbal intrusions precede memory decline in adults with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 50: 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Krinsky-McHale SJ, Devenny DA, and Silverman WP. (2002) Changes in explicit memory associated with early dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 46: 198–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Krinsky-McHale SJ, Devenny DA, Kittler PK et al. (2006) Assessing selective attention deficits in adults with DS and DAT. In: Paper Presented at the 38th Annual Gatlinburg Conference on Research and Theory in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Annapolis, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Prasher V, Farooq A, and Holder R. (2004) The Adaptive Behaviour Questionnaire (ABDQ): Screening questionnaire for dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 25: 385–397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Urv TK, Zigman WB, and Silverman W. (2003) Maladaptive behaviors related to adaptive decline in aging adults with mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 108: 327–339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Acquilano JP. (2006) Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Dissertation .

    Google Scholar 

  48. Acquilano JP, Davidson PW, Henderson CM et al. (2003) Functional skills and health status in older persons with intellectual disabilities. In: Paper Presented at the13th Annual Roundtable of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Volos, Greece.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Chicoine B, McGuire D, Hebein S. et al. (1994) Development of a clinic for adults with Down syndrome. Ment Retard 32: 100–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Chicoine B, McGuire D, and Rubin S. (1999) Specialty clinic perspectives. In: Janicki MP and Dalton AJ, Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Brunner/Mazel.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  51. Davidson PW, Janicki MP, Ladrigan P. et al. (2003) Associations between behavior disorders and health status among older adults with intellectual disability. Aging Mental Health 7: 424–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Devenny DA, Wegiel J, Schupf N et al (2005) Dementia of the Alzheimer's type and accelerated aging in Down syndrome. Science. SAGE KE. http://sageke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2005/14/dn1

  53. Henderson CM and Davidson PW. (2000) Comprehensive adult and geriatric assessment. In: Janicki MP and Ansello EF, Community Supports for Aging Adults with Lifelong Disabilities. Paul H. Brookes.Baltimore, MD:

    Google Scholar 

  54. Holland AJ. (1999) Psychiatry and mental retardation. Int Rev Psychiatry 11: 76–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Patti PJ, Amble KB, and Flory MJ. (2005) Life events in older adults with intellectual disabilities: Differences between adults with and without Down syndrome. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil 2: 149–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Prosser H, Moss S, Costello H … editor. Reliability and validity of the Mini PAS-ADD for assessing psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 42: 264–272.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Van Schrojenstein Lantman-deValk, HMJ, van den Akker M, Maskaant MA et al. (1997) Prevalence and incidence of health problems in people with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 41: 42–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Hawkins BA, Eklund SJ, James DR. et al. (2003) Adaptive behavior and cognitive function of adults with Down syndrome: Modeling change with age. Ment Retard 41: 7–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Castane M, Boada-Rovira M, and Hernandez-Ruia I. (2004) Eye conditions as features of Down’s syndrome in patients over 40 years of age. Rev Neurol 39: 1017–1021.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Evenhuis HM. (1995) Medical aspects of ageing in a population with intellectual disability: I. Visual impairment. J Intellect Disabil Res 39: 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Evenhuis HM. (1995) Medical aspects of ageing in a population with intellectual disability: II. Hearing impairment. J Intellect Disabil Res 39: 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Fisher K and Kettl P. (2005) Aging with mental retardation: increasing population of older adults with MR require health interventions and prevention strategies. Geriatrics 60: 26–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Krinsky-McHale SJ, Abramov I, Devenny DA et al. (2001) Visual deficits in adults with Down syndrome. In: Paper Presented at the 34th annual Gatlinburg Conference on Research and Theory in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Charleston, SC.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Woodhouse JM, Adler P, and Duignan A (2004) Vision in athletes with intellectual disabilities: The need for improved eyecare. J Intellect Disabil Res 48: 736–745.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Millichap D, Oliver C, McQuillan S. et al. (2003) Descriptive functional analysis of behavioral excesses shown by adults with Down syndrome and dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18: 844–854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Kittler P, Krinsky-McHale SJ, and Devenny DA. (2004) Sex differences in performance over 7 years on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised among adults with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 48: 114–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Schupf N, Pang D, Patel BN. et al. (2003) Onset of dementia is associated with age at menopause in women with Down’s syndrome. Ann Neurol 54: 433–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Oliver, C (1999) Perspectives on assessment and evaluation. In: Janicki M and Dalton A, Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis.Philadelphia, PA:

    Google Scholar 

  69. Burt DB, Primeaux-Hart S, Phillips NB. et al. (1999) Assessment of orientation: Relationship between informant report and direct measures. Ment Retard. 37: 364–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Reiss S. (1986) Manual for the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior: Version 1.1. International Diagnostic Systems.New York:

    Google Scholar 

  71. Deb S and Braganza J. (1999) Comparison of rating scales for the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 43: 400–407.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Oliver C, Holland A, Hall S. et al. (2005) The assessment of memory impairment in adults with Down syndrome: The effect of increasing task load on test sensitivity. Am J Ment Retard 110: 339–345.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Cosgrave MP, McCarron M, Anderson M. et al. (1998) Cognitive decline in Down syndrome: A validity/reliability study of the Test for Severe Impairment. Am J Ment Retard 103: 193–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Burt DB, Loveland KA, Primeaux-Hart S. et al. (1998) Dementia in adults with Down syndrome: Diagnostic challenges. Am J Ment Retard. 103: 130–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Aylward EH, Burt DB, Thorpe Lu et al. (1995) Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability. American Association of Mental Retardation.Washington, DC:

    Google Scholar 

  76. Prasher V, Cumella S, Natarajan K. et al. (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging, Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease: Research and clinical implications. J Intellect Disabil Res 47: 90–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Boada-Rovira M, Hernandez-Ruiz I, Badenas-Homiar S. et al. (2005) Clinical-therapeutic study of dementia in people with Down syndrome and the effectiveness of donepezil in this population. Rev Neurol 41: 129–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Cipriani G, Bianchetti A, and Travucchi M. (2003) Donepezil use in the treatment of dementia associated with Down syndrome. Arch Neurol 60: 292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Lott IT, Osann K, Doran E. et al. (2002) Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease: Response to donepezil. Arch Neurol 59: 1133–1136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Prasher VP. (2004) Review of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine for the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome: Implications for the intellectual disability population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19: 509–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Prasher VP, Adams C, and Holder R. (2003) Long term safety and efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome: Open label study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18: 549–551.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Prasher VP, Fung N, and Adams C. (2005) Rivastigmine in the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 20: 496–497.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Prasher VP, Huxley A, Haque MS. et al. (2002) A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease—Pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 17: 270–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Small GW, Rabins PV, Barry PP. et al. (1997) Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer’s Association, and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Med Assoc 278: 1363–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burt, D.B. (2009). Issues in Dementia Assessment Methods. In: Prasher, V. (eds) Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-248-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-249-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics