Abstract
The concept of respiratory support was described by Vesalius in the sixteenth century, but its successful application to the critically ill is relatively modern. Negative pressure ventilators were occasionally used to treat patients with acute respiratory failure in the first half of the twentieth century, but they were expensive, fraught with technical problems, and did not protect the airway. During the polio epidemic of 1952 in Denmark, the large numbers of patients presenting with acute respiratory failure and bulbar problems motivated the highly successful use of positive pressure ventilation via tracheostomy, as described below in the paper by Lassen. This event may be considered as the birth of critical care medicine. Since then, numerous studies, accumulating clinical experience, and technological advances have greatly improved our ability to ventilate the critically ill.
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Whitehead, T., Slutsky, A.S. (2008). Ventilation. In: Fink, M., Hayes, M., Soni, N. (eds) Classic Papers in Critical Care. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-145-9_1
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