Abstract
Electron crystallography of membrane proteins uses cryo-transmission electron microscopy to record images and diffraction patterns of frozen-hydrated 2D crystals. Each two-dimensional (2D) crystal is only imaged once, at one specific tilt angle, and the recorded images can be automatically processed with the 2dx/MRC software package. Processed image data from non-tilted and tilted 2D crystals then need to be merged into a 3D reconstruction of the membrane protein structure. We here describe the process of the 3D merging, using the 2dx software system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gipson B, Zeng X, Stahlberg H (2007) 2dx_merge: data management and merging for 2D crystal images. J Struct Biol 160:375–384
Gipson B, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Stahlberg H (2007) 2dx—user-friendly image processing for 2D crystals. J Struct Biol 157:64–72
Unwin PN, Henderson R (1975) Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. J Mol Biol 94:425–440
Henderson R, Unwin PN (1975) Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy. Nature 257:28–32
Amos LA, Henderson R, Unwin PN (1982) Three-dimensional structure determination by electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 39:183–231
Henderson R, Baldwin JM, Downing KH, Lepault J, Zemlin F (1986) Structure of purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium: recording, measurement and evaluation of electron micrographs at 3.5 Å resolution. Ultramicroscopy 19:147–178
Henderson R, Baldwin JM, Ceska TA, Zemlin F, Beckmann E, Downing KH (1990) Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy. J Mol Biol 213:899–929
Crowther RA, Henderson R, Smith JM (1996) MRC image processing programs. J Struct Biol 116:9–16
Schenk AD, Castano-Diez D, Gipson B, Arheit M, Zeng X, Stahlberg H (2010) 3D reconstruction from 2D crystal image and diffraction data. Methods Enzymol 482:101–129
Agard DA, Stroud RM (1982) Linking regions between helices in bacteriorhodopsin revealed. Biophys J 37:589–602
Spence JC, Weierstall U, Fricke TT, Glaeser RM, Downing KH (2003) Three-dimensional diffractive imaging for crystalline monolayers with one-dimensional compact support. J Struct Biol 144:209–218
Gipson BR, Masiel DJ, Browning ND, Spence J, Mitsuoka K, Stahlberg H (2011) Automatic recovery of missing amplitudes and phases in tilt-limited electron crystallography of two-dimensional crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 84:011916
Agard DA (1983) A least-squares method for determining structure factors in three-dimensional tilted-view reconstructions. J Mol Biol 167:849–852
Cheng A, Yeager M (2004) A graphical representation of image quality for three-dimensional structure analysis of two-dimensional crystals. Acta Crystallogr A 60:351–354
Goddard TD, Huang CC, Ferrin TE (2007) Visualizing density maps with UCSF Chimera. J Struct Biol 157:281–287
Mitsuoka K, Hirai T, Murata K, Miyazawa A, Kidera A, Kimura Y, Fujiyoshi Y (1999) The structure of bacteriorhodopsin at 3.0 Å resolution based on electron crystallography: implication of the charge distribution. J Mol Biol 286:861–882
Acknowledgments
This work was in part supported by the Swiss initiative for Systems Biology (SystemsX.ch, grant CINA), Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 205321_126490), the NCCRs TransCure, Nano, and Structural Biology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Arheit, M., Castaño-Diéz, D., Thierry, R., Abeyrathne, P., Gipson, B.R., Stahlberg, H. (2013). Merging of Image Data in Electron Crystallography. In: Schmidt-Krey, I., Cheng, Y. (eds) Electron Crystallography of Soluble and Membrane Proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 955. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-176-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-176-9_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-175-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-176-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols