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Oxidative Stress and Beta Cell Dysfunction

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Autoimmunity

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 900))

Abstract

Autoimmune Type 1 A Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by dependence on exogenous insulin consequential to the autoimmune attack and destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Pancreatic islet cell inflammation, or insulitis, precedes beta cell death and T1D onset. In the insulitic lesion, innate immune cells produce chemokines and cytokines that recruit and activate adaptive immune cells (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219–226, 2009). Locally produced cytokines not only increase immune surveillance of beta cells (Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297–299, 2008), but also cause beta cell dysfunction and decreased insulin secretion due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the beta cells. This, coupled to the high levels of ROS and RNS secreted by activated macrophages and the low antioxidant capacities of beta cells (Huurman VA, PLoS One 3:e2435, 2008; Schatz D, Pediatr Diabetes 5:72–79, 2004; Verge CF, Diabetes 44:1176–1179, 1995), implicates free radicals as important effectors in T1D pathogenesis (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219–226, 2009; Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297–299, 2008; Eisenbarth GS and Jeffrey J, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 52:146–155, 2008; Pietropaolo M et al., Pediatr Diabetes 6:184–192, 2005).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Yaíma L. Lightfoot

  2. Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Jing Chen

  3. Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Clayton E. Mathews

Authors
  1. Yaíma L. Lightfoot
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  2. Jing Chen
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  3. Clayton E. Mathews
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Clayton E. Mathews .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, State University of New York, UMU, East Adams St. 750, Syracuse, 13210, New York, USA

    Andras Perl

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Lightfoot, Y.L., Chen, J., Mathews, C.E. (2012). Oxidative Stress and Beta Cell Dysfunction. In: Perl, A. (eds) Autoimmunity. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 900. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-720-4_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-720-4_17

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-719-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-720-4

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