Skip to main content

Monitoring Innate Immune Recruitment by siRNAs in Mammalian Cells

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
RNA Interference

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 623))

Abstract

The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in human therapy may be hindered by the recruitment of nonspecific effects such as the activation of innate immune responses. Recently, several innate immune receptors have been implicated in the detection of siRNAs. This chapter provides a brief overview of the current knowledge of siRNA-induced innate immunity, as well as protocols for the rapid identification of siRNAs with innate immune stimulatory activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gantier, M. P., and Williams, B. R. (2007) The response of mammalian cells to double-stranded RNA. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18, 363–371.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Marques, J. T., and Williams, B. R. G. (2005) Activation of the mammalian immune system by siRNAs. Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 1399–1405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kleinman, M. E., Yamada, K., Takeda, A., Chandrasekaran, V., Nozaki, M., Baffi, J. Z., et al. (2008) Sequence- and target-independent angiogenesis suppression by siRNA via TLR3. Nature 452, 591–597.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hornung, V., Biller, M. G., Bourquin, C., Ablasser, A., Schlee, M., Uematsu, S., et al. (2005) Sequence-specific potent induction of IFN-alpha by short interfering RNA in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through TLR7. Nat. Med. 11, 263–270.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Judge, A. D., Sood, V., Shaw, J. R., Fang, D., McClintock, K., and MacLachlan, I. (2005) Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA. Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 457–462.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sioud, M. (2006) Single-stranded small interfering RNA are more immunostimulatory than their double-stranded counterparts: A central role for 2′-hydroxyl uridines in immune responses. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 1222–1230.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Diebold, S. S., Massacrier, C., Akira, S., Paturel, C., Morel, Y., and Sousa, C. R. (2006) Nucleic acid agonists for Toll-like receptor 7 are defined by the presence of uridine ribonucleotides. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 3256–3267.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Marques, J. T., Devosse, T., Wang, D., Daryoush, M. Z., Serbinowski, P., Hartmann, R., et al. (2006) A structural basis for discriminating between self and nonself double-stranded RNAs in mammalian cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 559–565.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim, D. H., Longo, M., Han, Y., Lundberg, P., Cantin, E., and Rossi, J. J. (2004) Interferon induction by siRNAs and ssRNAs synthesized by phage polymerase. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 321–325.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hornung, V., Ellegast, J., Kim, S., Brzozka, K., Jung, A., Kato, H., et al. (2006) 5′-Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I. Science 314, 994–997.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Takahasi, K., Yoneyama, M., Nishihori, T., Hirai, R., Kumeta, H., Narita, R., et al. (2008) Nonself RNA-sensing mechanism of RIG-I helicase and activation of antiviral immune responses. Mol. Cell 29, 428–440.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Gantier, M. P., Tong, S., Behlke, M. A., Xu, D., Phipps, S., Foster, P. S., and Williams, B. R. (2008) TLR7 is involved in sequence-specific sensing of single-stranded RNAs in human macrophages. J. Immunol. 180, 2117–2124.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zamanian-Daryoush, M., Marques, J. T., Gantier, M. P., Behlke, M. A., John, M., Rayman, P., Finke, J., and Williams, B. R. (2008) Determinants of cytokine induction by small interfering RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 28, 221–233.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Poeck, H., Besch, R., Maihoefer, C., Renn, M., Tormo, D., Morskaya, S. S., et al. (2008) 5′-Triphosphate-siRNA: turning gene silencing and Rig-I activation against melanoma. Nat. Med. 14, 1256–1263.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., et al. (2004) Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 303, 1526–1529.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Forsbach, A., Nemorin, J. G., Montino, C., Muller, C., Samulowitz, U., Vicari, A. P., et al. (2008) Identification of RNA sequence motifs stimulating sequence-specific TLR8-dependent immune responses. J. Immunol. 180, 3729–3738.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pichlmair, A., Schulz, O., Tan, C. P., Naslund, T. I., Liljestrom, P., Weber, F., and Reis e Sousa, C. (2006) RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5′-phosphates. Science 314, 997–1001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH grant P01 CA062220 and NHMRC grant 491106.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Gantier, M.P., Williams, B.R.G. (2010). Monitoring Innate Immune Recruitment by siRNAs in Mammalian Cells. In: Min, WP., Ichim, T. (eds) RNA Interference. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 623. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-588-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-588-0_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-587-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-588-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics