Abstract
Prostate cancer is the number one killer in the United States. A comparison of US and Japanese population is discussed in this chapter to identify risk factors for prostate cancer. Screening of prostate cancer is common among Americans, but not among Japanese. A comparison of survival in different populations is also presented; and prognosis after hormonal treatment in different populations is included.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Ward, E., Murray, T., Xu, J., and Thun, M.J. (2007) Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin. 57, 43–66.
Wynder, E.L., Fujita, Y., Harris, R.E., Hirayama, T., and Hiyama, T. (1991) Comparative epidemiology of cancer between the United States and Japan. Cancer. 67, 746–763.
Zaridze, D.G., Boyle, P., and Smans, M. (1984) International trends in prostatic cancer. Int J Cancer. 33, 223–230.
Oshima, A., Kuroishi, T., Tajima, K., (eds) (2004) Cancer Statistics in Japan 2004-Mortality, Incidence and Survival (In Japanese). Shinohara Publishers, Tokyo, Japan.
Thompson, I.M., Canby-Hagino, E., and Lucia, M.S. (2005) Stage migration and grade inflation in prostate cancer: Will Rogers meets Garrison Keillor. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97, 1236–1237.
Ito, K., Yamamoto, T., Ohi, M., Takechi, H., Kurokawa, K., and Suzuki, K.(2006) Impact of exposure rate of PSA-screening on clinical stage of prostate cancer in Japan. J Urol. 175, S477–478.
Eisenberger, M.A., Crawford, E.D., Wolf, M., Blumenstein, B., McLeod, D.G., Benson, R., Dorr, F.A., Benson, M., and Spaulding, J.T. (1994) Prognostic factors in stage D2 prostate cancer; important implications for future trials: results of a cooperative intergroup study (INT.0036). The National Cancer Institute Intergroup Study #0036. Semin Oncol. 21, 613–619.
Thompson, I., Tangen, C., Tolcher, A., Crawford, E., Eisenberger, M., and Moin-pour, C. (2001) Association of African-American ethnic background with survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93, 219–225.
Pienta, K.J., Demers, R., Hoff, M., Kau, T.Y., Montie, J.E., and Severson, R.K. (1995) Effect of age and race on the survival of men with prostate cancer in the Metropolitan Detroit tricounty area, 1973 to 1987. Urology. 45, 93–101.
McLeod, D.G., Schellhammer, P.F., Vogel-zang, N.J. Soloway, M.S., Sharifi, R., Block, N.L., Venner, P.M., Patterson, A.L., Sarosdy, M.F., Kelley, R.P., and Kolvenbag, G.J. (1999) Exploratory analysis on the effect of race on clinical outcome in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving bicalutamide or flutamide, each in combination with LHRH analogues. The Casodex Combination Study Group. Prostate. 40, 218–224.
Koff, S.G., Connelly, R.R., Bauer, J.J., McLeod, D.G., and Moul, J.W. (2002) Primary hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: experience with 135 consecutive PSA-ERA patients from a tertiary care military medical center. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 5, 152–158.
Young, J.L. Jr., Ries, L.G., and Pollack, E.S. (1984) Cancer patient survival among ethnic groups in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 73, 341–352.
Fukagai, T., Namiki, S.T., Carlile, R., Yoshida, H., and Namiki, M. (2006) Comparison of the clinical outcome after hormonal therapy for prostate cancer between Japanese and Caucasian men. BJU Int. 97, 1190–1193.
Bostwick, D.G., Pacelli, A., and Lopez-Beltran, A. (1996) Molecular biology of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Prostate. 29, 117–134.
Irvine, R.A., Yu, M.C., Ross, R.K., and Coetzee, G.A. (1995) The CAG and GGC microsatellites of the androgen receptor gene in linkage disequilibrium in men with prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 55, 1937–1940.
Bratt, O., Borg, A., Kristoffersson, U., Lundgren, R., Zhang, Q.X., and Olsson H. (1999) CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 81, 672–676.
Suzuki, H., Akakura, K., Komiya, A., Ueda, T., Imamoto, T., Furuya, Y., Ichikawa, T., Watanabe, M., Shiraishi, T., and Ito, H. (2002) CAG polymorphic repeat lengths in androgen receptor gene among Japanese prostate cancer patients: potential predictor of prognosis after endocrine therapy. Prostate. 51, 219–224.
Sartor, O., Zheng, Q., and Eastham, J.A. (1999) Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length varies in a race-specific fashion in men without prostate cancer. Urology. 53, 378–380.
Jin, B., Beilin, J., Zajac, J., and Handelsman, D.J. (2000) Androgen receptor gene polymorphism and zonal volumes in Australian and Chinese men. J Androl. 21, 91–98.
Hsing, A.W., Gao, Y.T., Wu, G., Wang, X., Deng, J., Chen, Y.L., Sesterhenn, I.A., Mostofi, F.K., Benichou, J., and Chang, C. (2000) Polymorphic CAG and GGN repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res. 60, 5111–5116.
Ross, R.K., Bernstein, L., Lobo, R.A., Shimizu, H., Stanczyk, F.Z., Pike, M.C., and Henderson, B.E. (1992) 5-alpha-reductase activity and risk of prostate cancer among Japanese and US white and black males. Lancet. 339, 887–889.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Fukagai, T., Namiki, T., Carlile, R.G., Namiki, M. (2009). Racial Differences in Clinical Outcome After Prostate Cancer Treatment. In: Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epidemiology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 472. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-492-0_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-492-0_22
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-491-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-492-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols