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Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors for Lung Cancer

  • Protocol
Cancer Epidemiology

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 472))

Abstract

Lung cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer death. It is primarily due to the inhalation of carcinogens and highly accessible to prevention by diminishing exposures to lung carcinogens. Most important will be the complete cessation of exposure to cigarette smoke (first and second hand) and to asbestos. Two environmental exposures—radon in homes and arsenic in drinking water—cannot be totally avoided, but people in certain geographical regions would greatly benefit from a reduction in exposure magnitude. And last but not least, workers all over the world deserve that preventive measures at the workplace are observed with regard to exposures, such as arsenic, beryllium, bis-chloromethyl ether (BCME), cadmium, chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nickel.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    1 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/lung

  2. 2.

    2 http://monographs.iarc.fr/

  3. 3.

    3 http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Preamble/index.php

  4. 4.

    4 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs210/en/index.html

  5. 5.

    5 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/arsenic2/en/

  6. 6.

    6 http://reports.eea.europa.eu/environmental_issue_report_2001_22/en/issue-22-part-05.pdf

  7. 7.

    7 http://www.bwint.org/pdfs/chrysotileasbestos.pdf

  8. 8.

    8 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts128.html

  9. 9.

    9 http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/LungCancer.htm

  10. 10.

    10 http://www.who.int/tobacco/resources/publications/TFI%20primer-English.pdf

  11. 11.

    11 http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/download/en/index.html

  12. 12.

    12 http://www.lkaz.demon.co.uk/chrys_hazard_rott_conv_06.pdf

  13. 13.

    13 1 pCi/L equals 37 Bq/m3

  14. 14.

    14 http://www.euro.who.int/document/e71922.pdf

  15. 15.

    15 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs210/en/

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

    Irene Brüske-Hohlfeld

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  1. Irene Brüske-Hohlfeld
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  1. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Mukesh Verma PhD

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Brüske-Hohlfeld, I. (2009). Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors for Lung Cancer. In: Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epidemiology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 472. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-492-0_1

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