Abstract
The recent application of high throughput genotyping in humans has yielded numerous insights into the genetic basis of human phenotypes and unprecedented amount of genetic variation data. Each genome wide significant finding has explained only a tiny proportion of phenotypic variation, yet genome wide association studies (GWAS) in their entirety can provide unprecedented windows into the molecular genetics of these phenotypes. New methods are emerging to mine modest association signals from these data using information on biological pathways and networks underlying the phenotype variation. These methods promise to enhance the information extracted from GWAS providing grounds for follow up studies of both a genetic and molecular nature.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Altshuler, D., Daly, M.J. and Lander, E.S. (2008) Genetic mapping in human disease. Science, 322, 881-888.
Dudbridge, F. and Gusnanto, A. (2008) Estimation of significance thresholds for genomewide association scans. Genet. Epidemiol., 32, 227-234.
McCarthy, M.I. and Hirschhorn, J.N. (2008) Genome-wide association studies: potential next steps on a genetic journey. Hum. Mol. Genet., 17, R156-R165.
Altshuler, D., Hirschhorn, J.N., Klannemark, M., Lindgren, C.M., Vohl, M.C., Nemesh, J., et al. (2000) The common PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Nat. Genet., 26, 76-80.
Stefansson, H., Rujescu, D., Cichon, S., Pietilainen, O.P., Ingason, A., Steinberg, S., et al. (2008) Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia. Nature, 455, 232-236.
Pericak-Vance, M.A., Bebout, J.L., Gaskell, P.C., Jr., Yamaoka, L.H., Hung, W.Y., Alberts, M.J., et al. (1991) Linkage studies in familial Alzheimer disease: evidence for chromosome 19 linkage. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 48, 1034-1050.
Roses, A.D., Saunders, A.M., Huang, Y., Strum, J., Weisgraber, K.H. and Mahley, R.W. (2007) Complex disease-associated pharmacogenetics: drug efficacy, drug safety, and confirmation of a pathogenetic hypothesis (Alzheimer’s disease). Pharmacogenomics J., 7, 10-28.
Goldstein, D.B. (2009) Common genetic variation and human traits. N. Engl. J. Med., 360, 1696-1698.
Smedley, D., Haider, S., Ballester, B., Holland, R., London, D., Thorisson, G. and Kasprzyk, A. (2009) BioMart - biological queries made easy. BMC Genomics, 10, 22.
Taylor, J., Schenck, I., Blankenberg, D. and Nekrutenko, A. (2007) Using galaxy to perform large-scale interactivve data analyses. Curr. Protoc. Bioinformatics, Chapter 10, Unit.
Webster, J.A., Gibbs, J.R., Clarke, J., Ray, M., Zhang, W., Holmans, P., et al. (2009) Genetic control of human brain transcript expression in Alzheimer disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 84, 445-458.
Liu, Q., Dinu, I., Adewale, A.J., Potter, J.D. and Yasui, Y. (2007) Comparative evaluation of gene-set analysis methods. BMC Bioinformatics, 8, 431.
Lehner, B. and Lee, I. (2008) Network-guided genetic screening: building, testing and using gene networks to predict gene function. Brief. Funct. Genomic. Proteomic., 7, 217-227.
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V.K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B.L., Gillette, M.A., et al. (2005) Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 15545-15550.
Chuang, H.Y., Lee, E., Liu, Y.T., Lee, D. and Ideker, T. (2007) Network-based classification of breast cancer metastasis. Mol. Syst. Biol., 3, 140.
Jiang, Z. and Gentleman, R. (2007) Extensions to gene set enrichment. Bioinformatics, 23, 306-313.
Li, J. and Ji, L. (2005) Adjusting multiple testing in multilocus analyses using the eigenvalues of a correlation matrix. Heredity, 95, 221-227.
Bergholdt, R., Storling, Z.M., Lage, K., Karlberg, E.O., Olason, P.I., Aalund, M., et al. (2007) Integrative analysis for finding genes and networks involved in diabetes and other complex diseases. Genome Biol., 8, R253.
Wang, K., Zhang, H., Kugathasan, S., Annese, V., Bradfield, J.P., Russell, R.K., et al. (2009) Diverse genome-wide association studies associate the IL12/IL23 pathway with Crohn Disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 84, 399-405.
Baranzini, S.E., Galwey, N.W., Wang, J., Khankhanian, P., Lindberg, R., Pelletier, D., et al. (2009) Pathway and network-based analysis of genome-wide association studies in multiple sclerosis. Hum. Mol. Genet.
Gibson, G. (2009) Decanalization and the origin of complex disease. Nat. Rev. Genet., 10, 134-140.
Wu, X., Jiang, R., Zhang, M.Q. and Li, S. (2008) Network-based global inference of human disease genes. Mol. Syst. Biol., 4, 189.
Loscalzo, J., Kohane, I. and Barabasi, A.L. (2007) Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: a complex systems approach to human pathobiology. Mol. Syst. Biol., 3, 124.
Veyrieras, J.B., Kudaravalli, S., Kim, S.Y., Dermitzakis, E.T., Gilad, Y., Stephens, M. and Pritchard, J.K. (2008) High-resolution mapping of expression-QTLs yields insight into human gene regulation. PLoS Genet., 4, e1000214.
Moskvina, V., Craddock, N., Holmans, P., Nikolov, I., Pahwa, J.S., Green, E., Owen, M.J. and O’Donovan, M.C. (2009) Gene-wide analyses of genome-wide association data sets: evidence for multiple common risk alleles for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and for overlap in genetic risk. Mol. Psychiatry, 14, 252-260.
Nam, D. and Kim, S.Y. (2008) Gene-set approach for expression pattern analysis. Brief. Bioinformatics, 9, 189-197.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Pedroso, I. (2010). Gaining a Pathway Insight into Genetic Association Data. In: Barnes, M., Breen, G. (eds) Genetic Variation. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 628. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-367-1_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-367-1_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-366-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-367-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols