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Wastewater Renovation by Flotation

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Flotation Technology

Part of the book series: Handbook of Environmental Engineering ((HEE,volume 12))

Abstract

The fact that dissolved air flotation (DAF) (with 3–5 min of detention time) can replace sedimentation (with 2–3 h of detention time) for clarification has been overlooked by environmental engineers for many decades. Modern high-rate DAF clarifiers have advanced to such an extent that they could overshadow the conventional settling clarifiers in wastewater treatment. DAF hydraulic loadings increased from 1 to 2.5 L/m2/s and for a triple stacked unit to 7.5 L/m2/s; the detention time decreased from 30 to 3 min; air dissolving is improved and now requires only 10-s retention time in an air dissolving tube instead of the previous 60 s. This chapter discusses the field application of the DAF process for primary wastewater clarification, secondary flotation of aeration tank mixed liquor, and the design and operation parameters for a two-stage DAF operation.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, MA, USA

    Nazih K. Shammas PhD

  2. Krofta Engineering Corporation, Lenox, MA, USA

    Nazih K. Shammas PhD

Authors
  1. Nazih K. Shammas PhD
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dawn Drive 1, Latham, 12110, USA

    Lawrence K. Wang

  2. Flintstone Dr. 35, Pittsfield, 01201, USA

    Nazih K. Shammas

  3. Larrywaug Crossroad 9, Stockbridge, 01262, U.S.A.

    William A. Selke

  4. Valencia Lane 28, Clifton Park, 12065, U.S.A.

    Donald B. Aulenbach

Appendix

Appendix

9.1.1 United States Yearly Average Cost Index for Utilities US Army Corps of Engineers (42)

Year

Index

Year

Index

1967

100

1989

383.14

1968

104.83

1990

386.75

1969

112.17

1991

392.35

1970

119.75

1992

399.07

1971

131.73

1993

410.63

1972

141.94

1994

424.91

1973

149.36

1995

439.72

1974

170.45

1996

445.58

1975

190.49

1997

454.99

1976

202.61

1998

459.40

1977

215.84

1999

460.16

1978

235.78

2000

468.05

1979

257.20

2001

472.18

1980

277.60

2002

484.41

1981

302.25

2003

495.72

1982

320.13

2004

506.13

1983

330.82

2005

516.75

1984

341.06

2006

528.12

1985

346.12

2007

539.74

1986

347.33

2008

552.16

1987

353.35

2009

570.38

1988

369.45

  

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Shammas, N.K. (2010). Wastewater Renovation by Flotation. In: Wang, L., Shammas, N., Selke, W., Aulenbach, D. (eds) Flotation Technology. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 12. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-133-2_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-133-2_9

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-494-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-133-2

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