Abstract
The isolation of high-quality cellular DNA is often a starting point for a variety of molecular-biology techmques These include Southern-blot analysis, PCR amphfication, and genomic-library construction (Fig. 1) It is often necessary to use the DNA from a single preparation for a number of different applrcations Some applications require higher quality DNA than do other applications, such as genomic library construction vs routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Therefore, it is advantageous to employ an isolation procedure that provides high quality DNA Generally, quality is indicated by the absence of contammating RNA, proteins, lipids, and other cellular constituents that may interfere with restriction enzymes, ligases, and thermostable DNA polymerases More importantly, the preparation should be free of contaminating DNA nucleases, which can nick and degrade high-mol-wt DNA The large size of mammahan genomic DNA also requires that the isolation method be gentle enough to minimize mechanical shear stress, which would fragment the large genomic DNA during the course of purification In addition, a good DNA isolation method should be able to accommodate a wide variety of tissues and cell types Many methods have been published that have been optimized for a specific application (1–3), whereas other methods allow the simultaneous isolation of DNA and RNA from the same sample (4,5) Commonly used procedures employ a buffer containing one or several detergents; for example, SDS (6), NP-40, or Triton X-100 (7) These detergents lyse cells and assist in the removal of proteins from the DNA (8).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Graham, D D (1978) The isolation of high molecular weight DNA from whole organisms of large tissue masses Anal Biochem 85, 609–613
Longmire, J L, Albright, K L, Memcke, L J, and Hlldebrand, C E (1987) A rapid an simple method for the isolation of high molecular weight cellular and chromosome-specific DNA in solution without the use of orgamc solvents Nucleic Acids Res 15, 859
Reymond, C D (1987) A rapid method for the preparation of multiple samples of eukaryotlc DNA Nucleic Acids Res 15, 8118
Merante, F, Raha, S, Reed, J K, and Proteau, G (1994) The simultaneous isolation of RNA and DNA from tissues and cultured cells, in Methods zn Molecular Biology, vol 31 Protocols for Gene Analysis (Harwood, A J, ed ), Humana, Totowa, NJ, p 113–120
Raha, S, Merante, F, Proteau, G, and Reed, J K (1990) Simultaneous isolation of total cellular RNA and DNA from tissue culture cells using phenol and lithium chloride Gene Anal Tech 7, 173–177
Potter, A W, Hanham, A F, and Nestmann, E R (1985) A rapid method for the extraction and purlticatlon of DNA from human leukocytes Cancer Lett 26, 335–341
Lahln D K and Schnebel B 1993 DNA isolation by a rapid method from human blood samples effects of ingC12 EDTA storage time and temperature on DNA yield and quality Biochem Genet 317/8, 321–3
Wallace, D in (1987) Large and small scale phenol extractions Meth Enzymol 152, 33–41
Jeanplerre, M (1987) A rapid method for the purification of DNA from blood Nucleic Acids Res (15)22, 9611
Laird, P W, ZiJderveld, A, Lmders, K, Rudmckr, M A, Jaemsch, R, and Berns, A (1991) Simplified mammalian DNA isolation procedure Nucleic Acids Res 19, 42–93
Albarmo, C G and Romanowskl, V (1994) Phenol extractlon revisited a rapid method for the isolation and preservation of human genomlc DNA from whole blood Mel CeEl Probes 8, 423–427
Manitatis, T, Fritsch, E R, and Sambrook, J (1982) Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Grimberg, J, Nawoschtk, S, Belluscio, L., McKee, R, Turck, A, and Etsenberg, A (1989) A simple and efficient non-organic procedure for the isolation of genomic DNA from blood Nucleic Acids Res 17, 83–90
Miller, S.A, Dykes, D D, and Polesky, H F (1988) A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 16, 12–15
Botwell, D D L, (1987) Rapid isolatton of eukaryottc DNA Anal Biochem 162, 463–65
Koller, C. A and Kohlt, V (1993) Purtfication of genomic DNA using heparm to remove nuclear proteins Nucleic Acids Res 21, 29–52
Beutler, E, Gelbart, T, and Kuhl, W (1990) Interference of heparm with the polymerase chain reaction Biotechniques 9, 166
Konat, G, Gantt, G, Laszktewtcz, I, and Hogan, E L (1990) Rapid tsolation of genomtc DNA from ammal tissues Exp Cell Res 190, 294–296
Sambrook, J, Fritsch, E F, and Mamatts, T (1989) Molecular Clonzng A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Blim, N and Stafford, D N (1976) A general method for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from eukaryotes Nucleic Acids Res 3, 2303–2308
Sharma, R C, Murphy, A J in, DeWald, M G, and Schimke, R T (1993) A rapid procedure for isolation of RNA free genomrc DNA from mammahan cells Biotechniques 14, 176,177
Goldenberger, D, Perschtll, I, Rttzler, M, and Altwegg, M (1995) A sample “umversal” DNA extraction procedure using SDS and protemase K is compatible with direct PCR amplltication PCR Methods Appl 4, 368–371
Srmard, L R, Gingras, F, and Labuda, D (1991) Direct analysts of ammottc fluid cells by multiplex PCR provides rapid prenatal diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy Nucleic Acids Res 19, 2501
Cheng, S, Chen, Y, Monforte, J A, Htgucht, R, and Van Houten, B (1995) Template integrity is essential for PCR ampllficatron of 20-to 30 kb sequences from genomrc DNA PCR Meth Appl 4, 296–298
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Humana Press Inc , Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Merante, F., Raha, S., Ling, M. (1998). Isolation of Total Cellular DNA from Tissues and Cultured Cells. In: Rapley, R., Walker, J.M. (eds) Molecular Biomethods Handbook. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-642-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-642-3_2
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-501-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-642-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive