Skip to main content

Regulatory Considerations for NK Cells Used in Human Immunotherapy Applications

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Natural Killer Cells

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1441))

Abstract

Translating cellular therapy from the laboratory to the clinic is a complicated process that involves scale-up of procedures to generate clinically relevant cell numbers, adaptation to reagents and equipment that are qualified for human use, establishing parameters of safety for reagents and equipment that are not already qualified for human use, codifying these processes into standards of practice and rules of conduct, and obtaining approval from regulatory bodies based on those codified standards and rules. As the laws and regulations that apply to cellular therapy will vary by time and geography, this chapter reviews some common key principles for the manufacturing of NK cells for human use that will need to be considered within the constraints of local policies and regulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Facts About the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) (2005) U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/Manufacturing/ucm169105.htm. Accessed 4 Nov 2015

  2. Good-manufacturing-practice and good-distribution-practice compliance (2015) European Medicines Agency. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/regulation/document_listing/document_listing_000154.jsp. Accessed 4 Nov 2015

  3. Biologicals: Good Manufacturing Practices (2015) World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/biologicals/vaccines/good_manufacturing_practice/en/. Accessed 4 Nov 2015

  4. Guidance for Industry: CGMP for Phase 1 Investigational Drugs (2008) http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm070273.pdf

  5. Guidance for Industry: Content and Format of Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) for Phase 1 Studies of Drugs, Including Well-Characterized, Therapeutic, Biotechnology-derived Products (1995) http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm071597.pdf

  6. Guidance for Industry: Early Clinical Trials with Live Biotherapeutic Products: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Information (2012) http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Guidance-ComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/General/UCM292704.pdf

  7. Guidance for Reviewers: Instructions and Template for Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Reviewers of Human Somatic Cell Therapy Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) (2003) http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/Xenotransplantation/ucm074131.htm

  8. Siegler U, Meyer-Monard S, Jorger S et al (2010) Good manufacturing practice-compliant cell sorting and large-scale expansion of single KIR-positive alloreactive human natural killer cells for multiple infusions to leukemia patients. Cytotherapy 12:750–763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Boissel L, Tuncer HH, Betancur M et al (2008) Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells increase expansion of cord blood natural killer cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 14:1031–1038

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Berg M, Lundqvist A, McCoy P Jr et al (2009) Clinical-grade ex vivo-expanded human natural killer cells up-regulate activating receptors and death receptor ligands and have enhanced cytolytic activity against tumor cells. Cytotherapy 11:341–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. North J, Bakhsh I, Marden C et al (2007) Tumor-primed human natural killer cells lyse NK-resistant tumor targets: evidence of a two-stage process in resting NK cell activation. J Immunol 178:85–94

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Harada H, Watanabe S, Saijo K et al (2004) A Wilms tumor cell line, HFWT, can greatly stimulate proliferation of CD56+ human natural killer cells and their novel precursors in blood mononuclear cells. Exp Hematol 32:614–621

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fujisaki H, Kakuda H, Shimasaki N et al (2009) Expansion of highly cytotoxic human natural killer cells for cancer cell therapy. Cancer Res 69:4010–4017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Denman CJ, Senyukov VV, Somanchi SS et al (2012) Membrane-bound IL-21 promotes sustained Ex vivo proliferation of human natural killer cells. PLoS One 7, e30264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Points to Consider in the Characterization of Cell Lines Used to Produce Biologicals (1993) http://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/safetyavailability/ucm162863.pdf

  16. Medicinal and other products and human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: memorandum from a WHO meeting (1997). Bull World Health Organ 75:505–513

    Google Scholar 

  17. Note for guidance on minimising the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy agents via human and veterinary medicinal products (EMA/410/01 rev.3) (2011) (European Commission, ed), Official Journal of the European Union http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003700.pdf

  18. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Questions and Answers (2015) http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/SafetyAvailability/ucm111482.htm

  19. Sundin M, Ringden O, Sundberg B et al (2007) No alloantibodies against mesenchymal stromal cells, but presence of anti-fetal calf serum antibodies, after transplantation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients. Haematologica 92:1208–1215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Coecke S, Balls M, Bowe G et al (2005) Guidance on good cell culture practice. a report of the second ECVAM task force on good cell culture practice. Altern Lab Anim 33:261–287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lapteva N, Szmania SM, van Rhee F et al (2014) Clinical grade purification and expansion of natural killer cells. Crit Rev Oncog 19:121–132

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Marti F, Miralles A, Peiro M et al (1993) Differential effect of cryopreservation on natural killer cell and lymphokine-activated killer cell activities. Transfusion 33:651–655

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Martelli MF, Aversa F, Bachar-Lustig E et al (2002) Transplants across human leukocyte antigen barriers. Semin Hematol 39:48–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Miller JS (2013) Therapeutic applications: natural killer cells in the clinic. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2013:247–253

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Guidance for Industry: Potency Tests for Cellular and Gene Therapy Products (2011) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), ed)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Somanchi SS, McCulley KJ, Somanchi A et al (2015) A novel method for assessment of natural killer cell cytotoxicity using image cytometry. PLoS One 10, e0141074

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Romain G, Senyukov V, Rey-Villamizar N et al (2014) Antibody Fc-engineering improves frequency and promotes kinetic boosting of serial killing mediated by NK cells. Blood 124(22):3241–3249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Hurton LV, Siddik RI, Singh H et al (2010) Identifying candidate allogeneic NK-cell donors for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation based on functional phenotype. Leukemia 24:1059–1062

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to acknowledge the staff of the GMP facility at MD Anderson Cancer Center for their excellent work in generating SOPs, CMCs, and CofAs for a large number of NK cell trials, and for sharing their tremendous knowledge in the regulatory aspects of cellular therapy trials.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dean A. Lee M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Lee, D.A. (2016). Regulatory Considerations for NK Cells Used in Human Immunotherapy Applications. In: Somanchi, S. (eds) Natural Killer Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1441. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3684-7_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3684-7_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3682-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3684-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics