Abstract
Hair cells are designed to sense mechanical stimuli of sound using their apical stereocilia hair bundles. Mechanical deflection of this hair bundle is converted into an electrical signal through gating of mechano-electric transduction channels. Stiff probe stimulation of hair bundles is an invaluable tool for studying the transduction channel and its associated processes because of the speed and ability to precisely control hair bundle position. Proper construction of these devices is critical to their ultimate performance as is appropriate placement of the probe onto the hair bundle. Here we describe the construction and use of a glass probe coupled to a piezo-electric actuator for stimulating hair bundles, including the basic technique for positioning of the stimulating probe onto the hair bundle. These piezo-electric stimulators can be adapted to other mechanically sensitive systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hudspeth AJ, Corey DP (1977) Sensitivity, polarity, and conductance change in the response of vertebrate hair cells to controlled mechanical stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74:2407–2411
Eatock RA, Corey DP, Hudspeth AJ (1987) Adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in hair cells of the bullfrog’s sacculus. J Neurosci 7:2821–2836
Corey DP, Hudspeth AJ (1983) Kinetics of the receptor current in bullfrog saccular hair cells. J Neurosci 3:962–976
Crawford AC, Fettiplace R (1985) The mechanical properties of ciliary bundles of turtle cochlear hair cells. J Physiol (Lond) 364:359–379
Corey DP, Hudspeth AJ (1980) Mechanical stimulation and micromanipulation with piezoelectric bimorph elements. J Neurosci Methods 3:183–202
Russell IJ, Richardson GP, Cody AR (1986) Mechanosensitivity of mammalian auditory hair cells in vitro [published erratum appears in Nature 321:888]. Nature 321:517–519
Ricci AJ, Crawford AC, Fettiplace R (2003) Tonotopic variation in the conductance of the hair cell mechanotransducer channel. Neuron 40:983–990
Ricci AJ, Kennedy HJ, Crawford AC, Fettiplace R (2005) The transduction channel filter in auditory hair cells. J Neurosci 25:7831–7839
Stepanyan R, Belyantseva IA, Griffith AJ, Friedman TB, Frolenkov GI (2006) Auditory mechanotransduction in the absence of functional myosin-XVa. J Physiol 576:801–808
Stauffer EA, Holt JR (2007) Sensory transduction and adaptation in inner and outer hair cells of the mouse auditory system. J Neurophysiol 98:3360–3369
Peng AW, Effertz T, Ricci AJ (2013) Adaptation of mammalian auditory hair cell mechanotransduction is independent of calcium entry. Neuron 80:960–972
Nam JH, Peng AW, Ricci AJ (2015) Underestimated sensitivity of mammalian cochlear hair cells due to splay between stereociliary columns. Biophys J 108:2633–2647
Indzhykulian AA, Stepanyan R, Nelina A, Spinelli KJ, Ahmed ZM, Belyantseva IA, Friedman TB, Barr-Gillespie PG, Frolenkov GI (2013) Molecular remodeling of tip links underlies mechanosensory regeneration in auditory hair cells. PLoS Biol 11:e1001583
Assad JA, Shepherd GM, Corey DP (1991) Tip-link integrity and mechanical transduction in vertebrate hair cells. Neuron 7:985–994
Dynamic Operation (2015). Piezoelectrics in Positioning: Tutorial on Piezotechnology in Nanopositioning Applications. www.pi.ws [cited 2015 06/18/2015]
Acknowledgments
We thank Thomas Effertz for critically reading the manuscript. Work was supported by K99 DC013299 to AWP, and by R01 DC003896 from NIDCD to AJR.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Peng, A.W., Ricci, A.J. (2016). Glass Probe Stimulation of Hair Cell Stereocilia. In: Sokolowski, B. (eds) Auditory and Vestibular Research. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1427. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3615-1_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3615-1_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3613-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3615-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols