Skip to main content

Zone Computer Fire Models for Enclosures

  • Chapter
SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

Abstract

Understanding the behavior of fire in compartments is of interest to the fire protection engineer for both fire safety design and postfire reconstruction. Such understanding may be obtained by examining experimental fires (full or reduced scale) or by fire models using mathematical techniques to represent the processes encountered in compartment fires by interrelated expressions based on physics and chemistry. The two major classes of fire models for analyzing enclosure fire development are stochastic and deterministic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 869.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,099.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H.W. Emmons, “The Needed Fire Science,” Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Fire Safety Science (C.E. Grant and P.J. Pagni, eds.), International Association for Fire Safety Science, October 7–11, 1985, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 33–54 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Quintiere, “Growth of Fires in Building Compartments,” ASTM STP 614, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. Pape, T.E. Waterman, and T.V. Eichler, “Development of a Fire in a Room from Ignition to Full Room Involvement—RFIRES,” NBS-GCR-81-301, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  4. H.E. Mitler, and H.W. Emmons, “Documentation for CFC V: The Fifth Harvard Computer Fire Code,” NBS GCR 81-344 (Home Fire Project Technical Report 45), National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  5. H.E. Mitler, “The Harvard Fire Model,” Fire Safety Journal, 9, pp. 7–16 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. W.D. Walton, “ASET-B: A Room Fire Program for Personal Computers,” NBSIR 85-3144, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Friedman, “An International Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke,” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 4, 3, pp. 83–92 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S.M. Olenick and D.J. Carpenter, “Updated International Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke,” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 13, 2, pp. 87–110 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. L.Y. Cooper and D.W. Stroup, “ASET: A Computer Program for Calculating Available Safe Egress Time,” Fire Safety Journal, 9, pp. 29–45 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. V. Ho, N. Siu, and G. Apostolakis, “COMPBRN III—A Fire Hazard Model for Risk Analysis,” Fire Safety Journal, 13, 2–3, pp. 137–154 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. V. Babrauskas, “COMPF2—A Program for Calculating Post-Flashover Fire Temperatures,” NBS TN 991, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  12. G.N. Walton and W.S. Dols, “CONTAM 2.4 User Guide and Program Documentation,” NISTIR 7251, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  13. M.R. Curtat and X.E. Bodart, “Simple and Not So Simple Models for Compartment Fires,” Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Fire Safety Science (C.E. Grant and P.J. Pagni, eds.), International Association for Fire Safety Science, October 7–11, 1985, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 637–646 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  14. W.W. Jones, “A Multicompartment Model for the Spread of Fire, Smoke and Toxic Gases,” Fire Safety Journal, 9, pp. 55–79 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G.P. Forney and L.Y. Cooper, “The Consolidated Compartment Fire Model (CCFM) Computer Application. VENTS, Part I, Physical Basis,” NISTIR 4342, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  16. R.D. Peacock, W.W. Jones, P.A. Reneke, and G.P. Forney, “CFAST—Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6): Technical Reference Guide,” SP-1026, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  17. R.D. Peacock, W.W. Jones, P.A. Reneke, and G.P. Forney, “CFAST—Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6): User’s Guide,” SP-1041, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  18. C.A. Wade, D. LeBlanc, J. Ierardi, and J.R. Barnett, “A Room-Corner Fire Growth and Zone Model for Lining Materials,” Second International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering (ICFRE2), National Institute of Standards and Technology and Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 106–117 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. Wade and J. Barnett, “A Room-Corner Fire Model Including Fire Growth on Linings and Enclosure Smoke-Filling,” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 8, 4, pp. 183–193 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Wade, “Branzfire-Engineering Software for Evaluating Hazard of Room Lining Materials,” in Conference Proceedings on the Eighth International Interflam Conference, Interscience Communications Ltd., London, pp. 1147–1152 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  21. W.D. Davis, “The Zone Fire Model Jet: A Model for the Prediction of Detector Activation and Gas Temperature in the Presence of a Smoke Layer,” NISTIR 6324, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  22. H.E. Mitler and J.A. Rockett, “User’s Guide to FIRST, A Comprehensive Single-Room Fire Model,” CIB W14/88/22, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  23. H.E. Nelson, “FIREFORM—A Computerized Collection of Convenient Fire Safety Computations,” NBSIR 86-3308, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  24. H.E. Nelson, “FPETOOL: Fire Protection Engineering Tools for Hazard Estimation,” NISTIR 4380, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  25. J.E. Floyd, S.P. Hunt, F.W. Williams, and P.A. Tatem, “A Network Fire Model for the Simulation of Fire Growth and Smoke Spread in Multiple Compartments with Complex Ventilation,” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 15, 3, pp. 199–229 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Y.L. Cooper, “Estimating the Environment and the Response of Sprinkler Links in Compartment Fires with Draft Curtains and Fusible-Link-Actuated Ceiling Vents Theory,” Fire Safety Journal, 16, pp. 137–163 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Gay, C. Epiard, and B. Gautier, “MAGIC Software Version 4.1.1: Mathematical Model,” EdF HI82/04/024/B, Electricité de France, Paris, France (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  28. L. Gay, “User Guide of the MAGIC Software V4.1.1” EdF HI82/04/23/A, Electricité de France, Paris, France (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  29. D.B. Satterfield and J.R. Barnett, “User’s Guide to WPI-FIRE Version 2 (WPI-2)—A Compartment Fire Model,” Center for Fire Safety Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  30. T. Tanaka, S. Yamada, “BRI2002: Two layer Zone Smoke Transport Model”, Fire Science and Technology, 23(1), special issue, Tokyo University of Science, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  31. “Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models,” ASTM E1355-97, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  32. “SFPE Engineering Guide to the Evaluation of the Computer Model DETACT-QS,” Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, MD (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  33. H.E. Nelson, “An Engineering Analysis of Fire Development in the Hospice of Southern Michigan, December 15, 1985,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, Hemisphere Publishing, New York (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  34. R.S. Levine and H.E. Nelson, “Full-Scale Simulation of a Fatal Fire and Comparison of Results with Two Multiroom Models,” NISTIR 90-4268, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  35. N. Alvares, “Defining Fire and Smoke Spread Dynamics in the DuPont Plaza Fire of 31 December 1986,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, September 10–15, 1995, Boston, MA (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  36. R.W. Bukowski, and R.C. Spetzler, “Analysis of the Happy Land Social Club Fire with HAZARD I,” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 4, 4, (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Guidelines for Substantiating a Fire Model for a Given Application, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, MD, 2011

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Society of Fire Protection Engineers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Walton, W.D., Carpenter, D.J., Wood, C.B. (2016). Zone Computer Fire Models for Enclosures. In: Hurley, M.J., et al. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2564-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2565-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics