Abstract
The ability to introduce DNA elements into host cells and analyze the effects has revolutionized modern biology. Here we describe a protocol to generate Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)-based, replication-incompetent pseudotyped retrovirus capable of infecting axolotls and incorporating genetic information into their genome. When pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G glycoprotein, the retroviruses can infect a broad range of proliferative axolotl cell types. However, if the retrovirus is pseudotyped with an avian sarcoma leukosis virus (ASLV)-A envelope protein, only axolotl cells experimentally manipulated to express the cognate tumor virus A (TVA) receptor can be targeted by infections. These strategies enable robust transgene expression over many cell divisions, cell lineage tracing, and cell subtype targeting for gene expression.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sobkow L et al (2006) A germline GFP transgenic axolotl and its use to track cell fate: dual origin of the fin mesenchyme during development and the fate of blood cells during regeneration. Dev Biol 290:386–397
Whited JL, Lehoczky JA, Tabin CJ (2012) Inducible genetic system for the axolotl. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:13662–13667
Khattak S et al (2013) Germline transgenic methods for tracking cells and testing gene function during regeneration in the Axolotl. Stem Cell Reports 1:90–103
Atkinson DL et al (2006) Cellular electroporation induces dedifferentiation in intact newt limbs. Dev Biol 299:257–271
Cone RD, Mulligan RC (1984) High-efficiency gene transfer into mammalian cells: generation of helper-free recombinant retrovirus with broad mammalian host range. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:6349–6353
Whited JL et al (2013) Pseudotyped retroviruses for infecting axolotl in vivo and in vitro. Development 140:1137–1146
Echeverri K, Tanaka EM (2003) Electroporation as a tool to study in vivo spinal cord regeneration. Dev Dyn 226:418–425
Maetzig T et al (2011) Gammaretroviral vectors: biology, technology and application. Viruses 3:677–713
Yee JK, Friedmann T, Burns JC (1994) Generation of high-titer pseudotyped retroviral vectors with very broad host range. Methods Cell Biol 43:99–112
Young JA, Bates P, Varmus HE (1993) Isolation of a chicken gene that confers susceptibility to infection by subgroup A avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses. J Virol 67:1811–1816
Ory DS, Neugeboren BA, Mulligan RC (1996) A stable human-derived packaging cell line for production of high titer retrovirus/vesicular stomatitis virus G pseudotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:11400–11406
Beier KT et al (2011) Conditional expression of the TVA receptor allows clonal analysis of descendents from Cre-expressing progenitor cells. Dev Biol 353:309–320
Landau NR, Littman DR (1992) Packaging system for rapid production of murine leukemia virus vectors with variable tropism. J Virol 66:5110–5113
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by start-up funds from Brigham and Women’s Hospital (J.L.W.). The authors would like to thank Christina DeMaso in Dr. Connie Cepko’s lab (Harvard Medical School) for sharing similar protocols used in infecting mammalian cells.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kuo, TH., Whited, J.L. (2015). Pseudotyped Retroviruses for Infecting Axolotl. In: Kumar, A., Simon, A. (eds) Salamanders in Regeneration Research. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1290. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2494-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2495-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols