Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biophilic Design

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

Glossary

Biophilia:

Mankind’s innate biological connection with nature; the urge to affiliate with other forms of life.

Biophilic design:

The process of basing decisions about the built environment on intuition or credible research – derived from either an appetency for nature or measurable biological responses, respectively – to achieve the best possible health outcomes.

Biophilic design pattern:

A description of a pattern in nature that engenders a positive biological response in humans. Meant to inform, guide, and assist in the design process for the built environment.

Built environment:

Places and spaces created or modified by people with particular emphasis on buildings, parks, streetscapes, and other spaces that provide the setting for human activity.

Connection to place:

The emotional bond between person and place.

Evidence-based design:

The process of basing decisions about the built environment on credible research to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Framework:
...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

Primary Literature

  1. Browning WD, Kallianpurkar NK, Ryan CO, Labruto L (2012) The economics of biophilia: why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense, 2015 edn. Terrapin Bright Green LLC, New York, p 40

    Google Scholar 

  2. US Department of Labor (2010) Absences from work of employed full-time wage and salary, US Department of Labor, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2017) Employer costs for employee compensation new release, US Department of Labor, Washington, DC, June 2011

    Google Scholar 

  4. BOMA (1991) Benchmarking reports. Experience exchange report, BOMA International

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kellert SR, Wilson EO (1993) The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  6. Olmsted FL (1865) Introduction to Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A preliminary report

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kellert SR (2011) Director, biophilic design: the architecture of life [Film]. Bullfrog Films

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sternberg EM (2009) Healing spaces. Bleknap Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fromm E (1964) The heart of man. Harper & Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wilson EO (1984) Biophilia. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, p 157

    Google Scholar 

  11. Orians GH, Heerwagen JH (1992) Evolved responses to landscapes. In: Barkow JH, Cosmides L, Tooby J (eds) The adapted mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 555–579

    Google Scholar 

  12. Heerwagen JH, Orians GH Adaptations to windowlessness: a study of the use of visual decor in windowed and windowless offices. Environ Behav 18(5):623–639

    Google Scholar 

  13. Appleton J (1977, 1996) The experience of landscape, Rev. edn. Wiley, London/New York, pp xiv, 282

    Google Scholar 

  14. Forsyth A, Musacchio LR (2005) Designing small parks: a manual for addressing social and ecological concerns. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 13–30, 60–65, 74–82, 95–98

    Google Scholar 

  15. Balling JD, Falk JH (1982) Development of visual preference for natural environments. Environ Behav 14(1):5–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Nassauer JI (1995) Messy ecosystems, orderly frames. Landsc J 14(2):161–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaplan R, Kaplan S (1989) The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kahn PH Jr, Severson RL, Ruckert JH (2009) The human relation with nature and technological nature. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 18(1):37–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Browning WD, Romm JJ (1994) Greening the building and the bottom line. Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ulrich RS (1984) View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science 224:420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Heerwagen JH, Hase B (2001) Building biophilia: connecting people to nature in building design. Environmental Design & Construction, March–April

    Google Scholar 

  22. Louv R (2008) Last child in the woods: saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Algonquin Books, New York, p 390

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kellert SR, Heerwagen JH, Mador ML (eds) (2008) Biophilic design. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  24. Browning WD, Ryan CO, Clancy JO (2014) 14 patterns of biophilic design: improving health and well-being in the built environment, 2015th edn. Terrapin Bright Green LLC, New York, p 60

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kellert SR, Calabrese EF (2015) The practice of biophilic design [Online]. Available: http://www.biophilic-design.com/. Accessed 2 June 2017

  26. van den Berg AE, Hartig T, Staats H (2007) Preference for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability. J Soc Issues 63(1):79–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Brown DK, Barton JL, Gladwell VF (2013) Viewing nature scenes positively affects recovery of autonomic function following acute-mental stress. Environ Sci Technol 47:5562–5569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tsunetsugu Y, Miyazaki Y (2005) Measurement of absolute hemoglobin concentrations of prefrontal region by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy: examples of experiments and prospects. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Hum Sci 24(4):469–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Biederman I, Vessel E (2006) Perceptual pleasure & the brain. Am Sci 94(1):249–255

    Google Scholar 

  30. Barton J, Pretty J (2010) What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health. Environ Sci Technol 44:3947–3955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Park BJ, Tsunetsugu Y, Kasetani T, Morikawa T, Kagawa T, Miyazaki Y (2009) Physiological effects of forest recreation in a young conifer forest in Hinokage Town, Japan. Silva Fennica 43(2):291–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hartig T, Evans GW, Jamner LD, Davis DS, Gärling T (2003) Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. J Environ Psychol 23:109–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Orsega-Smith E, Mowen AJ, Payne LL, Godbey G (2004) Interaction of stress and park use on psycho-physiological health in older adults. J Leis Res 36(2):232–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ulrich RS, Simons RF, Losito BD, Fiorito E, Miles MA, Zelson M (1991) Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. J Environ Psychol 11:201–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mehta R, Zhu R, Cheema A (2012) Is noise always bad? Exploring the effects of ambient noise on creative cognition. J Consum Res 36(4):784–799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ljungberg J, Neely G, Lundström R (2004) Cognitive performance and subjective experience during combined exposures to whole-body vibration and noise. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77:217–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Li Q, Kobayashi M, Inagaki H, Wakayama Y, Katsumata M, Hirata Y, Li Y, Hirata K, Shimizu T, Nakadai A, Kawada T (2012) Effect of phytoncides from forest environments on immune function. Forest Med:157–167

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jahncke H, Hygge S, Halin N, Green AM, Dimberg K (2011) Open-plan office noise: cognitive performance and restoration. J Environ Psychol 31:373–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Tsunetsugu Y, Park BJ, Miyazaki Y (2010) Trends in research related to “Shinrin-yoku” (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing) in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 15:27–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kim JT, Ren CJ, Fielding GA, Pitti A, Kasumi T, Wajda M, Lebovits A, Bekker A (2007) Treatment with lavender aromatherapy in the post-anesthesia care unit reduces opioid requirements of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obes Surg 17(7):920–925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Stigsdotter UA, Grahn P (2003) Experiencing a garden: a healing garden for people suffering from burnout diseases. J Ther Hortic 14:38–48

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kahn PH, Jr BF, Gill B, Hagman J, Severson RL, Freier NG, Feldman EN, Carrere S, Stolyar A (2008) A plasma display window? The shifting baseline problem in a technology mediated natural world. J Environ Psychol 28(1):192–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Park BJ, Tsunetsugu Y, Ishii H (2008) Physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) in a mixed forest in Shinano Town, Japan. Scand J For Res 23:278–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Beauchamp MS, Lee KE, Haxby JV, Martin A (2003) FMRI responses to video and point-light displays of moving humans and manipulable objects. J Cogn Neurosci 15(7):991–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Li Q, Kobayashi M, Wakayama Y, Inagaki H, Katsumata M, Hirata Y, Hirata K, Shimizu T, Kawada T, Park J, Ohira T, Kagawa T, Miyazak Y (2009) Effect of phytoncide from trees on human natural killer cell function. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 22(4):951–959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Windhager S, Atzwangera K, Booksteina FL, Schaefera K (2011) Fish in a mall aquarium-an ethological investigation of biophilia. Landsc Urban Plan 99:23–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Tham KW, Willem HC (2005) Temperature and ventilation effects on performance and neurobehavioral – related symptoms of tropically acclimatized call center operators near thermal neutrality. ASHRAE Trans:687–698

    Google Scholar 

  48. Wigö H (2005) Technique and human perception of intermittent air velocity variation, Centre for Built Environment

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hartig T, Mang M, Evans GW (1991) Restorative effects of natural environment experience. Environ Behav 23:3–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Zhang H, Arens E, Huizenga C, Han T (2010) Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments: part II: local comfort of individual body parts. Build Environ 45(2):389–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Arens E, Zhang H, Huizenga C (2006) Partial- and whole-body thermal sensation and comfort, part II: non-uniform environmental conditions. J Therm Biol 31:60–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. de Dear R, Brager G (2002) Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings. Energ Buildings 34:549–561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Parkinson T, de Dear R, Candido C (2012) Perception of transient thermal environments: pleasure and alliesthesia. In: Proceedings of 7th Windsor Conference, Windsor

    Google Scholar 

  54. Alvarsson J, Wiens S, Nilsson M (2010) Stress recovery during exposure to nature sound and environmental noise. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7(3):1036–1046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Pheasant RJ, Fisher MN, Watts GR, Whitaker DJ, Horoshenkov KV (2010) The importance of auditory – visual interaction in the construction of ‘Tranquil Space’. J Environ Psychol 30:501–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Hunter MD, Eickhoff SB, Pheasant RJ, Douglas MJ, Watts GR, Farrow TFD, Hyland D, Kang J, Wilkinson ID, Horoshenkov KV, Woodruff PWR (2010) The state of tranquility: subjective perception is shaped by contextual modulation of auditory connectivity. NeuroImage 53:611–618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. White M, Smith A, Humphryes K, Pahl S, Snelling D, Depledge M (2010) Blue space: the importance of water for preference, affect and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes. J Environ Psychol 30(4):482–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Karmanov D, Hamel R (2008) Assessing the restorative potential of contemporary urban environment(s). Landsc Urban Plan 86:115–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Ruso B, Atzwanger K (2003) Measuring immediate behavioural responses to the environment. Michigan Psychol 4:12

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ulrich RS (1983) Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. In: Altman I, Wohlwill JF (eds) Behavior and the natural environment. Plenum Press, New York, pp 85–125

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  61. Heerwagen JH, Orians GH (1993) Humans, habitats and aesthetics. In: Kellert SR, Wilson EO (eds) The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 138–172

    Google Scholar 

  62. Figueiro MG, Brons JA, Plitnick B, Donlan B, Leslie RP, Rea MS (2011) Measuring circadian light and its impact on adolescents. Light Res Technol 43(2):201–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Beckett M, Roden LC (2009) Mechanisms by which circadian rhythm disruption may lead to cancer. S Afr J Sci 105:415–420

    Google Scholar 

  64. Kim SY, Kim JJ (2007) Effect of fluctuating illuminance on visual sensation in a small office. Indoor Built Environ 16(4):331–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Joye Y (2007) Architectural lessons from environmental psychology: the case of biophilic architecture. Rev Gen Psychol 11(4):305–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Tsunetsugu Y, Miyazaki Y, Sato H (2007) Physiological effects in humans induced by the visual stimulation of room interiors with different wood quantities. J Wood Sci 53(1):11–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Lichtenfeld S, Elliot AJ, Maier MA, Pekrun R (2012) Fertile green: green facilitates creative performance. Personal Soc Psychol Bull 38(6):784–797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Salingaros NA (2012) Fractal art and architecture reduce physiological stress. J Biourbanism 2(2):11–28

    Google Scholar 

  69. Taylor RP (2006) Reduction of physiological stress using fractal art and architecture. Leonardo 39(3):245–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Hägerhäll CM, Laike T, Taylor RP, Küller M, Küller R, Martin TP (2008) Investigations of human EEG response to viewing fractal patterns. Perception 37:1488–1494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Hägerhäll CM, Purcella T, Taylor R (2004) Fractal dimension of landscape silhouette outlines as a predictor of landscape preference. J Environ Psychol 24:247–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Grahn P, Stigsdotter UK (2010) The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landsc Urban Plan 94:264–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Clearwater YA, Coss RG (1991) Functional esthetics to enhance wellbeing. In: Harrison C, McKay C (eds) From Antarctica to outer space. Springer, New York, p 410

    Google Scholar 

  74. Petherick N (2000) Environmental design and fear: the prospect-refuge model and the University College of the Cariboo Campus. West Geogr 10(1):89–112

    Google Scholar 

  75. Wang K, Taylor RB (2006) Simulated walks through dangerous alleys: impacts of features and progress on fear. J Environ Psychol 26:269–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Herzog TR, Bryce AG (2007) Mystery and preference in within-forest settings. Environ Behav 39(6):779–796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Ulrich RS (1993) Biophilia, biophobia and natural landscapes. In: Kellert SR, Wilson EO (eds) The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 73–137

    Google Scholar 

  78. Salimpoor VN, Benovoy M, Larcher K, Dagher A, Zatorre RJ (2011) Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nat Neurosci 14(2):257–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ikemi M (2005) The effects of mystery on preference for residential façades. J Environ Psychol 25:167–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Blood A, Zatorre RJ (2001) Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions. In: Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences

    Google Scholar 

  81. Wang DV, Tsien JZ (2011) Convergent processing of both positive and negative motivational signals by the VTA dopamine neuronal populations. PLoS One 6(2):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  82. Zald DH, Cowan RL, Riccardi P, Baldwin RM, Ansari MS, Li R, Shelby ES, Smith CE, McHugo M, Kessler RM (2008) Midbrain dopamine receptor availability is inversely associated with novelty-seeking traits in humans. J Neurosci 28(53):14372–14378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Alcock I, White MP, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE, Depledge MH (2014) Longitudinal effects on mental health of moving to greener and less green urban areas. Environ Sci Technol 48(2):1247–1255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (2013) Principles of neural science, 5th edn. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  85. Steg L (2007) Environmental psychology: history, scope & methods. In: Steg L, van den Berg AE, de Groot JIM (eds) Environmental psychology: an introduction, 1st edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  86. Alexander C, Ishikawa S, Silverstein M, Jacobson M, Fiksdahl-King I, Angel S (1977) A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University Press, New York, p 1171

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kaplan R, Kaplan S, Ryan RL, (1998) With people in mind: design and management of everyday nature. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 1–6, 67–107

    Google Scholar 

  88. Jacobson M, Silverstein M, Winslow B (2002) Patterns of home. The Taunton Press, Newtown

    Google Scholar 

  89. Salingaros NA (2013) Unified architectural theory: form, language, complexity. Sustasis Foundation, Portland

    Google Scholar 

  90. Salingaros NA (2000) The structure of pattern languages. Archit Res Q 4:149–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Leather P, Pyrgas M, Beale D, Lawrence C (1998) Windows in the workplace: sunlight, view, and occupational stress. Environ Behav 30(6):739+

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Bloomer K (2008) The problem of viewing nature through glass. In: Kellert SR, Heerwagen JH, Mador ML (eds) Biophilic design. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 253–262

    Google Scholar 

  93. van den Berg AE, Koole SL, van der Wulp NY (2003) Environmental preference and restoration: (how) are they related? J Environ Psychol 23:135–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Hartig T (1993) Nature experience in transactional perspective. Landsc Urban Plan 25:17–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Knopf RC (1987) Human behavior, cognition, and affect in the natural environment. In: Stokols D, Altman I (eds) Handbook of environmental psychology. Wiley, New York, pp 783–825

    Google Scholar 

  96. Fuller RA, Irvine KN, Devine-Wright P, Warren PH, Gaston KJ (2007) Psychological benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity. Biol Lett 3(4):390–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Lee KE, Williams KH, Sargent LD, Williams NSG, Johnson KA (2015) 40-second green roof views sustain attention: the role of micro-breaks in attention restoration. J Environ Psychol 42:182–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Yamane K, Kawashima M, Fujishige N, Yoshida M (2004) Effects of interior horticultural activities with potted plants on human physiological and emotional status. Acta Hortic (639):37–43

    Google Scholar 

  99. Koga K, Iwasaki Y (2013) Psychological and physiological effect in humans of touching plant foliage – using the semantic differential method and cerebral activity as indicators. J Physiol Anthropol 32(1):7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. de Dear R, Brager G, Cooper DD (1997) Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. Final Report on ASHRAE RP–884. MRL: Australia, pp 296

    Google Scholar 

  101. Mower GD (1976) Perceived intensity of peripheral thermal stimuli is independent of internal body temperature. J Comp Physiol Psychol 90(12):1152–1155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Kaplan S (1995) The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework. J Environ Psychol 15:169–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Nicol JF, Humphreys MA (2002) Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings. Energ Buildings 34(1):563–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Nicklas MH, Bailey GB (1996) Student performance in daylit schools [Online]. Available: http://www.innovativedesign.net/Profile-Resources-Technical-Papers.html. Accessed June 2012

  105. Bejan A, Zane JP (2012) Design in nature: how the constructal law governs evolution in biology, physics, technology, and social organization. Random House First Anchor Books, New York, p 304

    Google Scholar 

  106. Dosen AS, Ostwald MJ (2013) Prospect and refuge theory: constructing a critical definition for architecture and design. Int J Des Soc 6(1):9–24

    Google Scholar 

  107. Hildebrand G (1991) The Wright space: pattern & meaning in Frank Lloyd Wright’s houses. University of Washington, Seattle

    Google Scholar 

  108. Nordh H, Hartig T, Hägerhäll CM, Fry G (2009) Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility for restoration. Urban For Urban Green 8:225–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Ruddlell EJ, Hammitt WE (1897) Prospect refuge theory: a psychological orientation for edge effects in recreation environment. J Leis Res 19(4):249–260

    Google Scholar 

  110. Herzog TR, Kropscott LS (2004) Legibility, mystery, and visual access as predictors of preference and perceived danger in forest settings without pathways. Environ Behav 36:659–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Nasar JL, Fisher B (1993) ‘Hot spots’ of fear and crime: a multi-method investigation. J Environ Psychol 13:187–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Rapee R (1997) Perceived threat and perceived control as predictors of the degree of fear in physical and social situations. J Anxiety Disord 11:455–461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. van den Berg AE, ter Heijne M (2005) Fear versus fascination: an exploration of emotional responses to natural threats. J Environ Psychol 25:261–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Louv R (2009) Do our kids have nature-deficit disorder. Health Learn 67(4):24–30

    Google Scholar 

  115. P. H. Kahn Jr and S. R. Kellert, Children and nature: psychological, sociocultural, and evolutionary investigations, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  116. Ryan CO, Browning WD, Clancy JO, Andrews SL, Kallianpurkar NB Biophilic design patterns: emerging nature-based parameters for health and well-being in the built environment. Int J Archit Res 8(2):62–76

    Google Scholar 

  117. C. o. S. Francisco (2013) San Francisco Parklet manual. San Francisco Planning Department, San Francisco, pp 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  118. Beatley T (2012) Singapore: city in a garden, 22 July [Online]. Available: http://biophiliccities.org/blog-singapore/

  119. Tveit MS, Sang AO, Hägerhall CM (2007) Scenic beauty: visual landscape assessment and human landscape perception. In: Steg L, van den Berg AE, de Groot JIM (eds) Environmental psychology: an introduction. Wiley, Chicester, pp 37–46

    Google Scholar 

  120. Zube EH, Pitt DG (1981) Cross-cultural perception of scenic and heritage landscapes. Landsc Plan 8:69–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Lottrup L, Grahn P, Stigsdotter UK (2013) Workplace greenery & perceived level of stress: benefits of access to a green outdoor environment at the workplace. Landscape & Urban Planning 110(5):5–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Li Q (2010) Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function. Environ Health Prev Med 15(1):9–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Berto R (2007) Assessing the restorative value of the environment: a study on the elderly in comparison with young adults and adolescents. Int J Psychol 42(5):331–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Kopec D (2006) In: Kontzias OT (ed) Environmental psychology for design. Fairchild Publications Inc., New York, pp 38–57

    Google Scholar 

  125. Loftness V, Snyder M (2008) Where windows become doors. In: Kellert SR, Heerwagen JH, Mador ML (eds) Biophilic design. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 119–131

    Google Scholar 

  126. Health A (2013) Khoo Teck Puat Hospital [Online]. Available: http://www.ktph.com.sg/uploads/KTPH_EBook/files/assets/basic-html/index.html#1. Accessed June 2014

  127. Urban Green Council (2013) Seduced by the view: a closer look at all-glass buildings, Urban Green Council, USGBC-NY Chapter, New York

    Google Scholar 

  128. Elzeyadi IMK (2012) Quantifying the impacts of green schools on people and planet. Research presented at the USGBC Greenbuild Conference & Expo, San Francisco, pp 48–60

    Google Scholar 

  129. Heschong L (1979) Thermal delight in architecture. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  130. Zhang H (2003) Human thermal sensation and comfort in transient and non-uniform thermal environments. PhD thesis, CEDR, University of California, Berkeley. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m0n1wt

  131. Kaplan S (1988) Perception and landscape: conceptions and misconceptions. In: Nasar J (ed) Environmental aesthetics: theory, research, and applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 45–55

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  132. Heerwagen JH (2006) Investing In People: The Social Benefits of Sustainable Design. Rethinking Sustainable Construction. Sarasota, FL, pp 19–22

    Google Scholar 

  133. Kohno M, Ghahremani DG, Morales AM, Robertson CL, Ishibashi K, Morgan AT, Mandelkern MA, London ED (2013) Risk-Taking Behavior: Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors, Feedback, and Frontolimbic Activity. Cerebral Cortex 25(1):236–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

Books and Reviews

  • Bloomer K (2008) The problem of viewing nature through glass. In: Kellert SR, Heerwagen JH, Mador ML (eds) Biophilic design. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 253–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper R (1968) The psychology of boredom. Sci J 4(2):38–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Heerwagen JH, Orians GH (1993) Humans, habitats and aesthetics. In: Kellert SR, Wilson EO (eds) The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 138–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Heijdens, Simon (2014) Shade. Installation. Web, 15 June 2017. https://vimeo.com/106669679

  • Heschong Mahone Group (1999) Daylighting in schools: an investigation into the relationship between daylighting and human performance. Pacific Gas and Electric Company: California Board for Energy Efficiency Third Party Program

    Google Scholar 

  • Heschong Mahone Group (2003) Windows and classrooms: a study of student performance and the indoor environment. Pacific Gas and Electric Company: California Board for Energy Efficiency Third Party Program

    Google Scholar 

  • Hordh H, Hartig T, Hägerhäll CM, Fry G (2009) Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility of restoration. Urban For Urban Green 8(4):225–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosey L (2012) The shape of green: aesthetics, ecology, and design. Island Press, Washington, DC, p 216

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo FE, Taylor AF (2004) A potential natural treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a national study. Am J Public Health 94(9):1580–1596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie RP, Conway KM (2007) The lighting pattern book for homes. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, p 222

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehaffy MW, Salingaros NA (2015) Design for a living planet: settlement, science, and the human future. Sustasis Press, Portland

    Google Scholar 

  • Muir J (1877) Mormon Lilies. San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, 19 July 1877

    Google Scholar 

  • Salingaros NA, Masden KG II (2008) Intelligence-based design: a sustainable foundation for worldwide architectural education. Int J Archit Res 2(1):129–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Selhub EM, Logan AC (2012) Your brain on nature: the science of nature’s influence on your health, happiness, and vitality. Wiley, Mississauga

    Google Scholar 

  • Smithsonian Institute (2014) Human evolution timeline interactive. Web, 15 June 2017. http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive

  • Sosolimited (nd) Diffusion choir. Kinetic sculpture installation. Web, 15 June 2017. https://vimeo.com/187037469

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Terrapin Bright Green, New York, NY, USA

    Catherine O. Ryan & William D. Browning

Authors
  1. Catherine O. Ryan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. William D. Browning
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Catherine O. Ryan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ramtech Ltd., Larkspur, California, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

Section Editor information

  1. Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Vivian Loftness

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Ryan, C.O., Browning, W.D. (2018). Biophilic Design. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1034-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1034-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2493-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2493-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation