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Production of Loud and Quiet Calls in Howler Monkeys

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Howler Monkeys

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

One of the most striking features of howler monkeys’ natural history is their loud call, which gives the genus Alouatta its common name in English. However, the disproportionate focus on functional aspects of those calls has driven attention away from other relevant issues related to their vocal behavior. In this chapter, we review the studies of acoustic structure conducted so far on these peculiar calls, highlighting the variation among and within the species of this genus. The variation we uncover runs against the notion of uniformity among howler monkeys, but we do find that the relationship between loud call structure and phylogeny compliments genetic work in this genus. We also show how the anatomy of howler monkey’s vocal organs can explain the unusual features of their loud calls and possibly the variation found between species, while also pointing to the various gaps that exist in our knowledge regarding the role of the several components of their highly specialized vocal apparatus. Additionally, we review some basic concepts about sound propagation and geographic variation in long-distance communication. Unlike loud calls, we know relatively little about the low-amplitude calls of howler monkeys. Such calls have received a great deal of attention in the literature, particularly in Old World monkeys, because they can offer insights into the social lives of these animals. Because few comparable studies have been conducted on howler monkeys, we propose some lines of future research that we deemed potentially interesting. We conclude with some methodological approaches to recording howler monkey calls in the field and for sharing vocalizations with other researchers.

Resumen

Una de las características más llamativas de la historia natural de los monos aulladores son sus vocalizaciones de larga distancia, las cuales son responsables del nombre popular en inglés, y algunos nombres en español, para el género Alouatta. Sin embargo, el enfoque desproporcionado que ha recibido la funcionalidad de estas vocalizaciones, ha desviado la atención de otros aspectos relevantes del comportamiento vocal de los monos aulladores. En este capítulo revisamos los estudios llevados a cabo hasta el momento, sobre la estructura acústica de estas peculiares voces, remarcando la variación de las mismas entre y dentro de las diferentes especies del género. Las variaciones que aquí dejamos al descubierto desafían la noción de uniformidad en estos primates y muestran una relación entre la estructura vocal y las relaciones filogenéticas que complementan estudios genéticos recientes realizados en este género. También mostramos cómo la anatomía de los órganos vocales de los monos aulladores puede explicar tanto las características inusuales de sus vocalizaciones de larga distancia, como posiblemente la variación entre las diferentes especies, y señalamos los vacíos existentes en el conocimiento acerca del papel que poseen diversos componentes –altamente especializados- de los aparatos vocales de estos primates. Adicionalmente, revisamos conceptos básicos sobre la propagación del sonido y la variación geográfica en la comunicación a grandes distancias. Sonidos de baja amplitud producidos en otros grupos taxonómicos, particularmente en monos del Viejo Mundo han recibido gran atención en la literatura debido a que ofrecen una mirada interna a la vida social de estos animales. Debido a que pocos estudios comparables se han llevado a cabo en monos aulladores, proponemos algunas futuras investigaciones que consideramos potencialmente interesantes. Finalmente concluimos con aproximaciones metodológicas para grabar voces de monos aulladores en el campo y para compartir las grabaciones obtenidas con otros investigadores.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    All studies on A. guariba (formerly A. fusca) loud calls are restricted to the southern subspecies, A. g. clamitans. The authors found no reference to studies on the more restricted and lesser known northern subspecies, A. g. guariba.

Abbreviations

dB:

Decibels

e.g.,:

For example

Hz:

Hertz

i.e.,:

In other words

kHz:

Kilohertz

m:

Meters

min:

Minutes

ms:

Milliseconds

pers. comm.:

Personal communication

pers. obs.:

Personal observation

s:

Seconds

SPL:

Sound pressure level

unpubl. data:

Unpublished data

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas-MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Rogério Grassetto Teixeira de Cunha

  2. Departamento de Fauna/CBRN, Centro de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Dilmar Alberto Gonçalves de Oliveira

  3. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), IBS (Instituto de Biología Subtropical), CeIBA (Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Ingrid Holzmann

  4. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Dawn M. Kitchen

  5. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University-Mansfield, Mansfield, OH, 44906, USA

    Dawn M. Kitchen

Authors
  1. Rogério Grassetto Teixeira de Cunha
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  2. Dilmar Alberto Gonçalves de Oliveira
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  3. Ingrid Holzmann
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  4. Dawn M. Kitchen
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Correspondence to Rogério Grassetto Teixeira de Cunha .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Estación Biológica Corrientes, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Martín M. Kowalewski

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Paul A. Garber

  3. Museum of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Liliana Cortés-Ortiz

  4. Centro de Antropología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela

    Bernardo Urbani

  5. Department of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessalonik, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dionisios Youlatos

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de Cunha, R.G.T., de Oliveira, D.A.G., Holzmann, I., Kitchen, D.M. (2015). Production of Loud and Quiet Calls in Howler Monkeys. In: Kowalewski, M., Garber, P., Cortés-Ortiz, L., Urbani, B., Youlatos, D. (eds) Howler Monkeys. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1957-4_13

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