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Glycobiology of Ion Transport in the Nervous System

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Glycobiology of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 9))

Abstract

The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. Transport proteins undergo N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function. The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. Examples of both pumps and ion channels have been revealed which depend on ganglioside regulation. While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. It will also summarize highlights of the research on glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport.

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Abbreviations

N’ase (also called sialidase):

Neuraminidase

TRP (TRPC3, TRPC5, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPM8):

Transient receptor potential channel

AChR:

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

CtxB:

Cholera toxin B subunit

DRG:

Dorsal root ganglion

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

NCX:

Sodium-calcium exchanger

PMCA:

Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase

SERCA:

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, RBHS, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    Martha C. Nowycky & Robert W. Ledeen

  2. Department of Neurology and Neurosciences of Rutgers, RBHS, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    Gusheng Wu & Robert W. Ledeen

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  1. Martha C. Nowycky
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  2. Gusheng Wu
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Correspondence to Martha C. Nowycky .

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  1. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Robert K. Yu

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Cara-Lynne Schengrund

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Nowycky, M.C., Wu, G., Ledeen, R.W. (2014). Glycobiology of Ion Transport in the Nervous System. In: Yu, R., Schengrund, CL. (eds) Glycobiology of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_15

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