Abstract
Sterols are an abundant lipid class in the extraplastidic membranes of plant cells. In addition to free sterols, plants contain different conjugated sterols, i.e. sterol esters, sterol glucosides, and acylated sterol glucosides. Sterol lipids can be measured by gas chromatography after separation via thin-layer chromatography. Here, we describe a comprehensive technique based on the quantification of all four sterol classes by direct infusion quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Huang L, Grunwald C (1988) Effect of light on sterol changes in Medicago sativa. Plant Physiol 88:1403–1406
Nomura T, Kitasaka Y, Yakatsuto S et al (1999) Brassinosteroid/sterol synthesis and plant growth as affected by lka and lkb mutations of pea. Plant Physiol 119:1517–1526
Schaeffer A, Bronner R, Benveniste P, Schaller H (2001) The ratio of campesterol to sitosterol that modulates growth in Arabidopsis is controlled by Sterol Methyltransferase 2;1. Plant J 25:605–615
Duperon R, Thiersault M, Duperon P (2001) High level of glycosylated sterols in species of Solanum and sterol changes during the development of the tomato. Phytochemistry 23:743–746
Dyas L, Goad L (1993) Steryl fatty acyl esters in plants. Phytochemistry 34:17–29
Sturley SL (1997) Molecular aspects of intracellular sterol esterification: the acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase reaction. Curr Opin Lipidol 8:167–173
Schaller H (2004) New aspects of sterol biosynthesis in growth and development of higher plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 42:465–476
Wewer V, Dombrink I, Vom Dorp K, Dörmann P (2011) Quantification of sterol lipids in plants by quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 52:1039–1054
Schaller H, Grausem B, Benveniste P et al (1995) Expression of the Hevea brasiliensis (H.B.K.) Müll. Arg. 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase 1‐in tobacco results in sterol overproduction. Plant Physiol 109:761–770
Iga S, Schmidt RR, Buzasc MC (2005) Chemical synthesis of cholesteryl β‐d‐galactofuranoside and ‐pyranoside. Carbohydr Res 340:2052–2054
Buseman CM, Tamura P, Sparks AA et al (2006) Wounding stimulates the accumulation of glycerolipids containing oxophytodienoic acid and dinor‐oxophytodienoic acid in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Physiol 142:28–39
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917
Browse J, Warwick N, Somerville CR, Slack CR (1986) Fluxes through the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of lipid synthesis in the ‘16:3’ plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem J 235:25–31
Welti R, Li W, Li M et al (2002) Profiling membrane lipids in plant stress responses. Role of phospholipase Dα in freezing‐induced lipid changes in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 277:31994–32002
Vassel B, Skelly WG (1963) N‐Chlorobetainyl chloride. Org Synth 4:154
Li YL, Su X, Stahl PD, Gross ML (2007) Quantification of diacylglycerol molecular species in biological samples by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after one‐step derivatization. Anal Chem 79:1569–1574
Ejsing CS, Duchoslav E, Sampaio JL et al (2006) Automated identification and quantification of glycerophospholipid molecular species by multiple precursor ion scanning. Anal Chem 78:6202–6214
Brügger B, Erben G, Sandhoff R et al (1997) Quantitative analysis of biological membrane lipids at the low picomole level by nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:2339–2344
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by an Instrument grant (Forschungsgrossgeräte-Antrag) and by the Forschungsschwerpunkt 1212 of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant Do520/9). We would like to thank Isabel Dombrink, Helga Peisker, and Katharina vom Dorp for their support during method development.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Wewer, V., Dörmann, P. (2014). Determination of Sterol Lipids in Plant Tissues by Gas Chromatography and Q-TOF Mass Spectrometry. In: Rodríguez-Concepción, M. (eds) Plant Isoprenoids. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1153. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0606-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0606-2_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0605-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0606-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols