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Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation in Model Systems and Cancer

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Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 773))

Abstract

Changes in nuclear size have long been used by cytopathologists as an important parameter to diagnose, stage, and prognose many cancers. Mechanisms underlying these changes and functional links between nuclear size and malignancy are largely unknown. Understanding mechanisms of nuclear size regulation and the physiological significance of proper nuclear size control will inform the interplay between altered nuclear size and oncogenesis. In this chapter we review what is known about molecular mechanisms of nuclear size control based on research in model experimental systems including yeast, Xenopus, Tetrahymena, Drosophila, plants, mice, and mammalian cell culture. We discuss how nuclear size is influenced by DNA ploidy, nuclear structural components, cytoplasmic factors and nucleocytoplasmic transport, the cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix. Based on these mechanistic insights, we speculate about how nuclear size might impact cell physiology and whether altered nuclear size could contribute to cancer development and progression. We end with some outstanding questions about mechanisms and functions of nuclear size regulation.

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Abbreviations

ABD:

Actin binding domain

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

INM:

Inner nuclear membrane

kuk:

Kugelkern

LINC:

Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton

MAC:

Macronucleus

MBT:

Midblastula transition

MIC:

Micronucleus

NE:

Nuclear envelope

NLS:

Nuclear localization signal

NPC:

Nuclear pore complex

Rtn:

Reticulon

SCLC:

Small-cell lung carcinoma

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Acknowledgements

We thank Lisa Edens and Karen White for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by start-up funds from the University of Wyoming. P.J. is supported by a graduate assistantship from the University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA

    Predrag Jevtić & Daniel L. Levy

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  1. Predrag Jevtić
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  2. Daniel L. Levy
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Correspondence to Daniel L. Levy .

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  1. University of Edinburgh Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

    Eric C. Schirmer

  2. University of Edinburgh Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

    Jose I. de las Heras

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Jevtić, P., Levy, D.L. (2014). Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation in Model Systems and Cancer. In: Schirmer, E., de las Heras, J. (eds) Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 773. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_25

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