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The Surface Heat and Mass Balance

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The Geophysics of Sea Ice

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series

Abstract

Formation of a sea ice cover produces profound changes in the state of the atmosphere and ocean, primarily by altering the surface heat exchange. The high albedo of the ice and its insulation of the atmosphere from the underlying water give rise to a climate over the polar oceans that is more characteristic of the continental ice sheets than of a marine environment. Unlike the ice sheets, however, sea ice is only a thin veneer whose thickness and areal extent are sensitive to small changes in heat input. Variations in sea ice extent have the potential to amplify small changes in climate through a variety of positive feedback mechanisms (Kellogg, 1975), leading to their central role in several ice age theories (Brooks, 1949; Ewing and Donn, 1956, 1958; Budyko, 1966).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences/Geophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA

    Gary A. Maykut

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  1. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Norbert Untersteiner

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© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Maykut, G.A. (1986). The Surface Heat and Mass Balance. In: Untersteiner, N. (eds) The Geophysics of Sea Ice. NATO ASI Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5352-0_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5352-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

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