Abstract
Modem physical organic chemistry has emphasized the direct spectroscopic observation of reactive intermediates. The goal has been to determine the intrinsic properties of these critical structures and thereby verify or revise the properties ascribed to them by the landmark efforts of the preceding generation. Stable ion media, gas phase techniques, flash photolysis and related highly time-resolved spectroscopies, and matrix isolation have all provided successful approaches to direct observation. The technique of choice depends upon the information desired and, more critically, on the nature of the particular reactive intermediate.
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Dougherty, D.A. (1990). Matrix Isolation EPR Spectroscopy of Biradicals. In: Platz, M.S. (eds) Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Carbenes and Biradicals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3707-0_5
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