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The Bacillus Cell Envelope

  • Chapter
Bacillus

Part of the book series: Biotechnology Handbooks ((BTHA,volume 2))

Abstract

The primary function of the bacterial cell envelope is to protect the underlying protoplast and its fragile membrane from mechanical assault and from swelling and disruption due to the unrestricted inflow of water. The high surface-to-volume ratio that results from the very small size of bacteria is important in permitting the high tranfer rate of nutrients needed to maintain the rapid metabolic activity that enables some bacteria to double in under 20 min in appropriate environments. The high internal concentration of metabolites necessary to sustain this rapid growth results in differences in osmolarity between the protoplast and the relatively dilute media in which bacteria commonly grow. A consequent influx of water is prevented by the envelope, which resists the necessary increase in protoplast volume. In cocci, the envelope shape is that which most efficiently withstands the hydrostatic pressure. In rod-shaped bacteria, the envelope has additionally to maintain the less stable rod shape, resisting the rounding effects of the internal hydrostatic pressure. The work needed to resist the rounding forces is presumably offset by advantages arising from the increased surface area of the rod-shaped cells (Koch, 1983).

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  1. Microbial Technology Group, Department of Microbiology, The Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK

    A. Ronald Archibald

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    Colin R. Harwood

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Archibald, A.R. (1989). The Bacillus Cell Envelope. In: Harwood, C.R. (eds) Bacillus. Biotechnology Handbooks, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3502-1_9

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