Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Parasitoid—Host Relationship

  • Chapter
Chemical Ecology of Insects

Abstract

The chemical ecology of interspecific interactions is extremely diverse and complex and is exemplified by the insect parasitoid—host relationship. Because insect parasitoids represent a third trophic level (Price et al., 1980), they are influenced not only by the chemicals emanating from hosts, but by chemicals emanating from the host’s food or other associated organisms. The complexity becomes apparent when we consider that a host insect may support several different parasitoid species, each of which is unique in its response to the host, and these may also interact with each other. Askew (1971) estimates that there are over 100 000 species of parasitic Hymenoptera worldwide, of which over 16 000 occur in North America (Krombein et al., 1979). It is estimated that only 10–35% of the Ichneumonidae, one of the better known groups of Hymenoptera, have been described (Townes, 1969). Add to this the parasitic Diptera and other parasitic groups and one can readily see the difficulties in developing overall concepts on the chemical ecology of the parasitoid—host relationship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ables, J. R., Vinson, S. B. and Ellis, J. S. (1981) Host discrimination by Chelonus insularis (Hym: Braconidae), Telenomus heliothidis (Hym: Scelionidae), and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym: Trichogrammatidae). Entomophaga, 26, 149–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alterie, M. A., Lewis, W. J., Nordlund, D. A., Guldner, R. C. and Todd, J. W. (1981) Chemical interactions between plants and Tricnogramma sp. wasps in Georgia soybean fields. Protection Ent. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, A. P. (1971) Associative learning by Nemeritis canescens. Can. Ent., 103, 1137–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, A. P., Hegdekar, B. M. and Batsch, W. W. (1972) A chemically defined synthetic medium that induces oviposition in the parasite Itoplectis conquisitor. Can. Ent., 104, 1251–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, A. P. and Ewen, A. B. (1975) Cuticular encystment: A unique and effective defense reaction by cabbage looper larvae against parasitism by Banchus flaverscens. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 68, 1091–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askew, R. R. (1971) Parasitic Insects. American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askew, R. R. and Shaw, M. R. (1978) Account of Chalcidoidea parasitizing leaf-mining insects of deciduous trees in Britain. Biol. J. Linn., 6, 289–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baronio, P. and Sehnal, F. (1980) Dependence of the parasitoid Gonia cinerascens on the hormones of its lepidopterous hosts. J. Insect Physiol., 26, 619–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beard, R. L. (1972) Effectiveness of paralyzing venom and its relation to host discrimination by Braconid wasps. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 65, 90–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, R. L. (1978) Venoms of Braconidae. In: Handbuch der Experimentellen Pharmakologie, Vol. 48 ( Bettini S., ed.) pp. 773–800. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckage, N. E. (1980) Physiology of developmental interaction between the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and its endoparasite, Apanteles congregatus. Dissertation, University of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckage, N. E. and Riddiford, L. M. (1978) Developmental interactions between the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and its braconid parasite Apanteles congregatus. Ent. exp. appl., 23, 139–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedwin, O. (1979) An insect glycoprotein: a study of the particles responsible for the resistance of a parasitoid’s egg to the defense reactions of its insect host. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B,205 271–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beroza, M. and Jacobson, M. J. (1963) Chemical insect attractants. World Rev. Pest Control, 2, 36–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragg, D. (1974) Ecological and behavioral studies of Phaeogenes cynarae: Ecology; host specificity; search and oviposition; and avoidance of superparasitism. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 67, 931–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, D. L. and Wilson, M. C. (1975) Studies on Gelis sp., a hyperparasite attacking Bathyplectes curculionis cocoons. Env. Ent., 4, 333–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camors, F. B. Jr. and Payne, T. L. (1973) Sequence of arrival of entomophagous insects to trees infected with the southern pine beetle. Env. Ent., 2, 207–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, B. C. and Duffey, S. S. (1979) Tomatine and parasitic wasps — potential incompatibility of plant antibiosis with biological control. Science, 205, 700–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capinera, J. L. and Lilly, J. H. (1975) Teterastichusasparagi, aparasitoid of the asparagus beetle: Some aspects of host—parasitoid interaction. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 68, 595–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chacko, M. J. (1969) The phenomenon of superparasitism in Trichogramma evanescens minutum Riley. Beitr. Ent., 99, 617–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet, S. A. (1971) Mandibular gland secretion of larvae of the flour moth. Anagasta kuehniella, contains an epideictic pheromone and elicits oviposition movement in a hymenopteran parasite. Nature, 232, 481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, W. W. and Chesnut, T. L. (1971) Arthropod parasites of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: 1. An annotated list. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 64, 516–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlman, D. L. and Vinson, S. B. (1977) Effect of calyx fluid from an insect parasitoid on host hemolymph dry weight and trehalose content. J. Invert. Path., 29, 227–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeBach, P. (1964) Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLeon, D. (1935) The biology of Coeloides dendroctoni Cushman, an important parasite of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolace). Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 28, 411–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doutt, R. L. (1959) The biology of parasitic Hymenoptera. A. Rev. Ent., 4, 161–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doutt, R. L. (1963) Pathology caused by insect parasites. In: Insect Pathology, an Advanced Treatise, Vol. 2 ( Steinhaus, E. A., ed.) pp. 393–422. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edson, K. M. and Vinson, S. B. (1976) The function of the anal vesicle in respiration and excretion in the braconid wasp, Microplitis croceips. J. Insect Physiol., 2, 1037–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edson, K. M., Vinson, S. B. Stoltz, D. B. and Summers, M. D. (1981) Virus in a parasitoid wasp: Suppression of the cellular immune response in the parasitoid’s host. Science, 211, 582–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, R. L. (1954) The host-finding and oviposition behavior of Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker), a parasite of muscoid flies. Behaviour, 7, 88–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eijackers, H. J. P. and van Lenteren, J. C. (1970) Host choice and host discrimination in Pseudeucoila bochei. Neth. J. Zool., 20, 414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. C. (1963) Oxygen requirements and the physiological suppression of supernumerary insect parasitoids. J. exp. Biol., 40, 531–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. C. (1971) Aspects of the physiology of endoparasitic Hymenoptera. Biol. Rev. Camb. Phil. Soc., 46, 243–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. C. and Ganesalingam, V. K. (1970) Changes in the composition of host haemolymph after attack by an insect parasitoid. Nature, 227, 191–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, S. E. (1937) Habitat selection by Trichogramma. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 30, 208–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, S. E. (1959) Differential host relations of the sexes in parasitic Hymenoptera. Ent. exp. appl., 2, 125–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, S. E. (1971) Multiple parasitism of armored coccids by host-regulative aphenlinids; ectoparasites versus endoparasites. Can. Ent., 103, 857–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritz, R. S. (1982) Selection for host behavior modification by parasitoids. Evolution, 36, 283–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Führer, E. (1973) Sekretion von Mucopolysacchariden im weiblichen Geschlechtsapparat von Pimpla turionellae L. Z. Parasitenk, 41, 207–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greany, P. D., Tumlinson, J. H., Chambers, D. L. and Boush, G. M. (1977) Chemically-mediated host finding by Biosteres (Opius) Longicaudatus, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit fly larvae. J. Chem. Ecol., 3, 189–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillot, F. S. and Vinson, S. B. (1972) Sources of substances which elicit a behavioral response from the insect parasitoid, Campoletis perdistinctus. Nature, 235, 169–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillot, F. S., Joiner, R. S. and Vinson, S. B. (1974) Host discrimination of hydrocarbons from the Dufour’s gland of a braconid parasitoid. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 67, 720–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurjanova, T. M., Molchanov, M. I. and Kochetova, N. I. (1977) Changes in the hemolymph protein composition under the infestation of the fox-colored sawfly larvae moth with the ectoparasites. Zool. Zh., 56, 648–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hairston, N. G. (1965) On the mathematical analysis of schistosome populations. Bull. W.H.O., 33, 45–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedden, R. L. and Pitman, G. B. (1978) Attack density regulation: A new approach to the use of pheromones in Douglas fir beetle population management. J. Econ. Ent., 71, 633–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendry, L. B., Wichmann, J. K., Hindenlang, D. M., Weaver, K. M. and Korzeniawski, S. H. (1976) Plants: Origin of kairomones utilized by parasitoids of phytophagus insects? J. Chem. Ecol., 2, 271–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henson, R. D. Vinson, S. B. and Barfield, C. S. (1977) Ovipositional behavior of Bracon mellitor Say, a parasitoid of the boll weevil. III. Isolation and identification of natural releasers of ovipositor probing. J. Chem. Ecol.,3 151–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirose, Y. (1979) Behavioral ecology of parasitic Hymenoptera. In: Ecological Aspects on Insect Behavior Vol. 4 ( Ishii, S., Oashima, C., Tateda, H. and Hidaka, T., eds) pp. 105–49. Barfuukan, Tokyo (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdaway, F. G. and Smith, H. F. (1932) A relation between size of host puparia and sex ratio of Alysia manducator Panzer. Aust. J. exp. Biol. Med. Sci., 10, 247–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth, J. P., Hartstack, A. W. T. and Lingren, P. D. (1970) The spectral response of Campoletis perdistinctus. J. Econ. Ent., 63, 1758–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. C. and Bethel, W. M. (1972) Modification of intermediate host behavior by parasites. In: Behavioral Aspects of Parasite Transmission (Canning, E. V. and Wright, C. A., eds) pp. 123–49. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 51, Suppl. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • House, H. L. (1977) Nutrition of natural enemies. In: Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies (Ridgeway, R. L. and Vinson, N. B., eds) pp. 150–82. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbell, S. P. and Johnson, L. K. (1977) Competition and nest spacing in a tropical stingless bee community. Ecology, 58, 949–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwantsch, G. F. and Smilowitz, Z. (1975) Relationships between the parasitoid, Hyposoter exiguae and Trichoplusia ni: prevention of host pupation at the endocrine level. J. Insect Physiol., 21, 1151–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, D. L. (1959) Observations on the female reproductive organs and the poison apparatus of Caraphractus cinctus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 48, 59–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, B. (1965) Premature breakdown of the prothoracic glands in parasitized aphids. Nature, 206, 958–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R. L., Lewis, W. J., Beroza, M., Bierl, B. A. and Sparks, A. N. (1973) Host-seeking stimulants (kairomones) for the egg parasite Trichogramma evanescens. Env. Ent., 2, 593–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R. L., Lewis, W. J., Gross, Jr., H. R. and Nordlund, D. A. (1976) Use of kairomones to promote action by beneficial insect parasites. In: Pest Management With Insect Sex Attractants (Beroza, M., ed.) pp. 119–34. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, B. H. (1979) The effect of multilure on parasites of the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus. Bull. Ent. Soc. Am., 25, 116–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, P. E. and Rafai, J. (1970) Host-discrimination in a gregarious parasitoid, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). J. exp. Biol., 43, 245–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krombein, K. V., Hurd, Jr., P. D. and Smith, D. R. (1979) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Vol. 3. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laing, J. (1937) Host-finding by insect parasites. I. Observation on the finding of hosts by Alysia manducator, Mormoniella vitripennis and Trichogramma evanescens. J. Anim. Ecol., 6, 298–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Law, J. H. and Regnier, F. E. (1971) Pheromones. A. Rev. Biochem., 40, 533–48. Lawrence, P. O. (1981) Host vibration: A cue to host location by the parasite, Biosteres longicaudatus. Oecologia, 48, 249–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, P. O. (1982) Biosteres longicaudatus: Developmental dependence on host physiology. Exp. Parasitol., 53, 396–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, W. J. and Jones, R. L. (1971) Substance that stimulates host-seeking by Microplitis croceipes, a parasite of Heliothis species. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 64, 71–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L. and Sparks, A. N. (1972) A host-seeking stimulant for the egg parasite Trichogramma evanescens; its source and demonstration of its laboratory and field activity. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 65, 1087–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L., Nordlund, D. A. and Sparks, A. N. (1975a) Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: I. Evaluation for increasing rate of parasitization by Trichogramma spp. in the field. J. Chem. Ecol., 1, 343–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L., Nordlund, D. A. and Gross, Jr., H. R. (1975b) Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: II. Mechanisms causing increases in rate of parasitization by Trichogramma spp. J. Chem. Ecol., 1, 343–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L., Gross, Jr., H. R. and Nordlund, D. A. (1976) The role of kairomones and other behavioral chemicals in host finding by parasitic insects. Behay. Biol., 16, 267–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, J. M. (1972) A comparison of discrimination of density responses during oviposition by Exenterus amictorius and Exenterus diprionis, parasites of Neodiprion swainei. Can. Ent., 104, 1–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMullen, L. H. and Atkins, M. D. (1961) Intraspecific competition as a factor in the natural control of the Douglas fir beetle. Forest Sci., 7, 197–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, J. (1968) Behavioral responses of parasites to symbiotic fungus associated with Sirex noctilio F. Nature, 218, 189–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malyshev, S. I. (1968) Genesis of the Hymenoptera and the Phases of Their Evolution (Richards, O. W. and Uvalrov, B., eds) Translated from Russian by the National Lending Library for Science and Technology. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangold, J. R. (1978) Attraction of Euphasiopteryx ochracea. Corethrella sp. and gryllids to broadcast songs of the southern mole cricket. Florida Ent., 61, 57–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, R. J. (1977) Laboratory studies of plant-searching behavior by Coccinella septempunctata L. larvae. Bull. Ent. Res., 67, 235–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, R. W. (1974) Biology of Braconidae. A. Rev. Ent., 19, 15–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellini, E. (1975) Studi sui ditteri larvevoridi XXV. Sul determinismo ormonale delle

    Google Scholar 

  • influenze esecitate dagli ospiti sui loro parassiti. Boll. Int. Ent. vin. Bologna,31 165–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, L. R. and King, E. G. (1975) Development of the tachinid parasite, Lixophaga diatraeae, on various developmental stages of the sugarcane borer in the laboratory. Env. Ent., 4, 811–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteith, L. G. (1958) Influence of the host and its food plant on host-finding by Drino bohemica Msn. (Diptera: Tachinidae) and interaction of other factors. Proc. X. Int. Cong. Ent., 2, 603–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteith, L. G. (1960) Influence of plants other than the food plants of their host on host-finding by tachinid parasites. Can. Ent., 92, 641–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moran, V. C., Brothers, D. J. and Case, J. J. (1969) Observations on the biology of Tetrastichus flavigaster Brothers and Moran parasitic on psyllid nymphs. Tran. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 121, 41–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muesebeck, C. F. W. and Krombein, K. U. (1951) Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. USDA Agr. Monogr. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nappi, A. J. (1975) In: Invertebrate Immunity (Maramorosch, K. and Shope, R. E., eds) pp. 293–326. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naryanan, E. S. and Subba Rao, B. R. (1955) Studies in insect parasitism I—III: The effect of different hosts on the physiology, on the development, behavior and on the sex ratio of Microbracon gelechiae Ashmead. Beitre. Ent., 5, 36–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neal, Jr., J. W., Bickley, W. E. and Blickenstaff, C. C. (1970) Recovery of the braconid parasite Microtonus aethiops from the alfalfa weevil after hormonal treatment. J. Econ. Ent., 63, 681–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nettles, W. C. and Burks, M. L. (1975) A substance from Heliothis virescens larvae stimulating larviposition by females of the tachinid, Archytas marmoratus. J. Insect Physiol., 21, 965–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordlund, D. A. (1981) Semiochemicals: a review of the terminology. In: Semiochemicals Their Role in Pest Control ( Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L. and Lewis, W. J., eds) pp. 13–28. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L. and Lewis, W. J. (1981) Semiochemicals: Their Role in Pest Control. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nozato, K. (1969) The effect of host size on the sex ratio of Itoplectis cristitae Momoi, a pupil parasite of the Japanese pine shoot moth, Petrova (= Evetria) cristata (Walsingham). Kontyu, 37, 134–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orphanides, G. M. and Gonzales, D. (1970) Effects of adhesive materials and host location on parasitization by uniparental race of Trichogramma pretiosum. J. Econ. Ent., 63, 1891–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osman, S. E. and Führer, E. (1979) Histochemical analysis of accessory genital gland secretions in female Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Int. J. Invert. Repro., 1, 323–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters, T. M. and Barbosa, P. (1977) Influence of population density on size, fecundity, and developmental rate of insects in culture. A. Rev. Ent., 22, 431–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieters, E. P. and Sterling, W. L. (1974) Aggregation indices of cotton arthropods in Texas. Env. Ent., 4, 598–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, P. W. (1970) Trial odors: recognition by insects parasitic on cocoons. Science, 170, 54–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, P. W. (1972) Behavior of the parasitoid Pleolophus basizonus in response to changes in host and parasitoid density. Can. Ent., 104, 129–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, P. W. (1980) Evolutionary Biology of Parasites. Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, P. W., Bouton, C. E., Gross, P., McPheron, B. A., Thompson, J. N. and Weis, A. E. (1980) Interactions among three trophic levels: influence of plants on interactions between insect herbivores and natural enemies. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11, 41–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, G. J. (1976) Laboratory biology of Phaenocarpa persimilis Papp (Braconidae: Alysiinea), a parasitoid of Drosophila. Aust. J. Zool., 24, 240–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prokopy, R. J. (1981) Epideictic pheromones that influence spacing patterns of phytophagous insects. In: Semiochemicals Their Role in Pest Control ( Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L. and Lewis, W. J., eds) pp. 181–213. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prokopy, R. J. and Webster, R. P. (1978) Oviposition deterring pheromone of Rhagoletis pomonella: A kairomone for its parasitoid Opius lectus. J. Chem. Ecol., 4, 481–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pschorn-Walcher, H. (1971) Experiments on inter-specific competition between three species of tachinids attacking the sugar cane moth borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). Entomophaga, 16, 125–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, D. P., Feeny, P. P. and Root, R. B. (1970) Habitat selection by the aphid parasite Diaretiella rapae. Can. Ent., 102, 1567–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuter, O. M. (1913) Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten. Friedlander, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, F. J. (ed.) (1979) Chemical Ecology: Odour Communications in Animals. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robacker, D. C., Weaver, K. M. and Hendry, L. B. (1975) Sexual communication and associative learning in the parasitic wasp Itoplectis conquisitor (Say). J. Chem. Ecol., 2, 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, D. (1972) Random search and insect population models. J. Anim. Ecol., 41, 369–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J. P., King, E. G. and Thompson, A. C. (1978) Host location behavior by the tachinid, Lixophaga diatraeae. Env. Ent., 7, 794–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotheram, S. (1973) The surface of the egg of a parasite insect. II. The ultrastructure of the particulate coat on the egg of Nemeritis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 183, 195–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotheray, G. E. (1979) Biology and host-searching behavior of a cynipoid parasite of Aphidophagous syrphid larvae. Ecol. Ent., 4, 75–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, M. and Schoonhoven, L. M. (1977) Assessment of egg load by Pieris brassicae. Nature, 266, 352–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubaud, E. (1924) Histoire des Anacamptomyies, mouches parasites des g quepes socialis d’Afrique. Ann. Soc. Nat. Zool., 7, 197–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russ, K. (1969) Beitrage zum Territorialverthalten der Rauped des Springwurmwicklers. Sparganothis pilleriana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pflanzenschutzberichte, 40, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1934) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. II. Superparasitism. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 114, 455–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1935) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. III. Host selection. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 117, 413–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1937) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. V. The sense used by Trichogramma to distinguish between parasitized and unparasitized hosts. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. V, 122, 57–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1938) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. VI. Host suitability. Bull. Ent. Res., 29, 223–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1960) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. XI. The haemocytic reaction of a caterpillar under varied conditions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 151, 446–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1963) The defense reactions of insects to metazoan parasites. Parasitology, 53, 527–642.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1968) The resistance of insect parasitoids to the defense reactions of their hosts. Biol. Rev. Camb. Phil., 43, 200–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1970a) The Cellular Defense Reactions of Insects. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salt, G. (1970b) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. XV. The means of resistance of a parasitoid larvae. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Sen. B, 176, 105–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauls, C. E., Nordlund, D. A. and Lewis, W. J. (1979) Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. VIII. Effect of diet on the kairomone activity of frass from Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae for Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). J. Chem. Ecol., 5, 363–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parasitoid—Host Relationship 231

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G. T. (1974) Host-acceptance behavior of Campoletis sonorensis toward Heliothis zea. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 67, 835–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, F. (1950) Die Entwicklund des Syrephidenparasiten Diplazon Fissorius Gray. in uni-, oligo-and polyvoltinen Wirten and sein Verhalten bei parasitarer Aktivierung der Diapauselarven durch Diplazon pectoratorius Gray. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., 23, 155–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, F. (1951) Einige physiologische Beziehungen zwischen Syrphidenlarven and ihren Parasiten. Z. Angew. Ent., 33, 150–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoonhoven, L. M. (1968) Chemosensory basis of host plant selection. A. Rev. Ent., 13, 115–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, G. A., Leonard, D. E. and Chen, C. W. (1975) Influence of tree species density and composition of parasitism of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) Env. Ent., 4, 832–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. A. (1916) An attempt to redefine the host relationships exhibited by entomophagous insects. J. Econ. Ent., 9, 477–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. S. (1941) Status of biological control of scale insects. Calif Citrogr., 26, 75–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. A. and Cornell, H. V. (1979) Hopkins host-selection in Nasonia vitripennis and its implications for sympatric speciation. Anim. Behay., 27, 365–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, T. R. E. (1966) Ecological Methods. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradberry, J. P. (1968) A technique for artificially culturing ichneumonid parasites of wood wasps. Ent. exp. appl., 11, 257–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradberry, J. P. (1970) Host-finding by Rhyssa persuasora (L.) an ichneumonid parasite of sircid woodwasps. Anim. Behay., 18, 103–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, H. (1926) Biology of parasites and hyperparasites of aphids. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 19, 119–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternlicht, M. (1973) Parasitic wasps attracted by the sex pheromone of their coccid host. Entomophaga, 18, 339–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoltz, D. B. and Vinson, S. B. (1979) Viruses and parasitism in insects. Adv. Virus Res., 24, 125–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand, M. R. and Vinson, S. B. (1982a) Behavioral response of the parasitoid, Cardiochiles nigriceps to a kairomone. Ent. expt. appl., 31, 305–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand, M. R. and Vinson, S. B. Source (1982b) and characterization of a host-recognition kairomone of Thelonus heliothidis: an egg parasitoid of Heliothis virescens. Physiol. Ent.,7 83–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, D. J. (1971) Comparative behavior and competition between two aphid hyperparasites: Alloxysta victrix and Asaphes californicus. Env. Ent., 1, 234–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W. R. and Parker, H. L. (1927) The problem of host relations with special reference to entomophagous parasites. Parasitology, 19, 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W. R. and Parker, H. L. (1930) The morphology and biology of Enlimneria crossifernus, an important parasite of the European corn borer. J. Agric. Res., 40, 321–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe, W. H. and Jones, F. G. W. (1937) Olfactory conditioning in a parasite insect and its relation to the problem of host selection. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 124, 56–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurston, R. and Fox, P. M. (1972) Inhibition by nicotine of emergence of Apanteles congregatus from its host, the tobacco hornworm. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 65, 547–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Townes, H. (1969) The genera of ichneumonidae, Part I. Mem. Ann. Ent. I.st., No. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, E. (1966) Ricerche sugli imenotteri parassiti. III. Osservazioni sulla cornpetizione intra-specifica negli Aphidiinae. Boll. Lab. Ent. Agrar. Portici, 24, 209–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, J. E. and Leonard, D. E. (1977) The role of kairomones in host recognition and host acceptance behavior of the parasite Brachymeria intermedia. Env. Ent., 6, 527–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullyett, G. C. (1947) Mortality factors in populations of Plutella maculipennis Curtis, and their relation to the problems of control. Union S. Africa, Dept. Agric. Ent. Mem., 2, 77–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Lenteren, J. C. (1976) The development of host discrimination and the prevention of superparasitism in the parasite Pseudeucoila biochei (Hym., Cynipidae). Neth. J. Zool., 26, 1–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Lenteren, J. C. (1981) Host discrimination by parasitoids. In: Semiochemicals: Their Role in Pest Control ( Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L. and Lewis, W. J., eds) pp. 153–79. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vey, A. and Gotz, P. (1975) Humoral encapsulation in Diptera (Insecta) comparative studies in vitro. Parasitology, 70, 77–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1968) Source of a substance in Heliothis virescens that elicits a searching response in its habitual parasite, Cardiochiles nigriceps. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 61, 8–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1970) Development and possible function of teratocytes in the hostparasite association. J. Invert. Path., 16, 93–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1972) Competition and host discrimination between two species of tobacco budworm parasitoids. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 65, 229–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1975a) Biochemical coevolution between parasitoids and their hosts. In: Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites ( Price, P. W., ed.) pp. 14–48. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1975b) Source of material in the tobacco budworm involved in host recognition by the egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus texanus. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 68, 381–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1976) Host selection by insect parasitoids. A. Rev. Ent., 21, 109–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1977a) Behavioral chemicals in the augmentation of natural enemies. In: Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies ( Ridgeway, R. L. and Vinson, S. B., eds) pp. 237–79. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1977b) Insect host responses against parasitoids and the parasitoid’s resistance with emphasis on the Lepidoptera—Hymenoptera association. Comp. Pathobiol., 3, 103–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. (1981) Habitat location. In: Semiochemicals: their Role in Pest Control ( Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L. and Lewis, W. J., eds) pp. 51–77. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. and Guillot, F. S. (1972) Host-marking: source of a substance that results in host discrimination in insect parasitoids. Entomophaga, 17, 241–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B., Jones, R. L., Sonnet, P., Beirl, B. A. and Beroza, M. (1975) Isolation, identification and synthesis of host-seeking stimulants for Cardiochiles nigriceps, a parasitoid of the tobacco budworm. Ent. exp. appl., 18, 443–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. and Scott, J. R. (1975) Particles containing DNA associated with the oocyte of an insect parasitoid. J. Invert. Path., 25, 375–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B., Barfield, C. S. and Henson, R. D. (1977) Ovipositional behavior of Bracon mellitor Say, a parasitoid of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boh.). II. Associative learning. Physiol. Ent., 2, 157–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B., Edson, K. M. and Stoltz, D. B. (1979) Effects of a virus associated with the reproductive system of the parasitoid wasp, Campoletis sonorensis, in host weight gain. J. Invert. Path., 34, 133–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. and Ables, J. R. (1980) Interspecific competition among endoparasitoids of tobacco budworm larva. Entomophaga, 25, 357–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. and Iwantsch, G. F. (1980a) Host suitability for insect parasitoids. A. Rev. Ent., 25, 397–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S. B. and Iwantsch, G. F. (1980b) Host regulation by insect parasitoids. Q. Rev. Biol., 55, 143–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waage, J. K. (1979) Foraging for patchily distributed hosts by the parasitoid Nermeritis canescens (Gray.). J. Anim. Ecol., 48, 353–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weseloh, R. M. (1972) Spatial distribution of the Gypsy moth and some of its parasitoids within a forest environment. Entomophaga, 17, 339–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weseloh, R. M. (1977) Behavioral responses of the parasite, Apanteles melanoscelus, to Gypsy moth silk. Env. Ent., 5, 1128–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weseloh, R. M. (1980) Behavioral changes in Apanteles melanoscelus females exposed to Gypsy moth silk. Env. Ent., 9, 345–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weseloh, R. M. (1981) Host location by parasitoids. In: Semiochemicals: their Role in Pest Control ( Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L. and Lewis, W. J., eds) pp. 79–95. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitcomb, R. F., Shapiro, M. and Granados, R. R. (1974). In: The Physiology of Insects, Vol. 5 (Rockstein, M., ed.) pp. 447–536. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R. N. (1970) Communities and Ecosystems. Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, H. G. (1971) Oviposition restraint of Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on parasitized housefly pupae. Can. Ent., 103, 1537–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwolfer, H. and Kraus, M. (1957) Biocoenotic studies on the parasites of two fir and two oak-tortricids. Entomophaga, 2, 173–96.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. S. Bradleigh Vinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology and Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Kansas, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

    William J. Bell (Professor of Entomology) (Professor of Entomology)

  2. Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA

    Ring T. Cardé (Professor of Entomology) (Professor of Entomology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 William J. Bell and Ring T. Cardé

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vinson, S.B. (1984). Parasitoid—Host Relationship. In: Bell, W.J., Cardé, R.T. (eds) Chemical Ecology of Insects. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3368-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3368-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-23260-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3368-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation