Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brain Imaging and Neuropsychological Identification of Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type

  • Chapter
Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging

Part of the book series: Critical Issues in Neuropsychology ((CINP))

Abstract

This chapter reviews the neuropathology and neuropsychological concomitants of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) and the nature of the degenerative changes as visualized on computerized tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Efforts to quantify CT scan results formally and objectively and to determine the nature of the relationship between the morphological changes and neuropsychological deficit patterns are reviewed. The frequent practice of dichotomizing DAT patients into presenile and senile groups is presented as well as more recent attempts to uncover distinct clusters or subgroups among the heterogeneous population of affected patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albert, M. (1984). Assessment of cognitive function in the elderly. Psychosomatics, 25, 310–317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M., & Stafford, J. L. (1986). CT scan and neuropsychological relationships in aging and dementia. In G. Goldstein & R. E. Tarter (Eds.), Advances in clinical neuropsychology (pp. 31–53). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M., Naesar, M. A., Levine, H. L., & Garvey, A. J. (1984a). Ventricular size in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type. Archives of Neurology, 41, 1258–1263.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M., Naeser, M. A., Levine, H. L., & Garvey, A. J. (1984b). CT density numbers in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Archives of Neurology, 41, 1264–1269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amaducci, L. A., Fratiglioni, L., Rocca, W. A., Fieschi, C., Livrea, P., Pedone, D., Bracco, L., Lippi, A., Gandolfo, C., Bino, G., Prencipe, M., Bonatti, M. L., Girotti, F., Carella, F., Tavolato, B., Feria, S., Lenzi, G. L., Carolei, A., Gambi, A., Grigoletto, F., & Schoenberg, B. S. (1986). Risk factors for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease: A case-control study of an Italian population. Neurology, 36, 922–931.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appel, S. H. (1981). A unifying hypothesis for the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 10, 499–505.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barclay, L. L., Zemcov, A., Blass, J. P., & McDowell, F. H. (1985). Factors associated with duration of survival in Alzheimer’s disease. Biological Psychiatry, 20, 86–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barron, S. A., Jacobs, L., & Kinkee, W. L. (1976). Changes in size of normal lateral ventricles during aging, determined by computerized tomography. Neurology, 26, 1011–1013.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, L., Danziger, W. L., Storandt, M., Cohen, L. A., Gado, M., Hughes, C. P., Knesevich, J. W., & Botwinick, J. (1984). Predictive features in mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology, 34, 563–569.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, E. D. (1984). Diagnostic clinical neuropsychology. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, E. D. (1988). Neuropsychological and CT identification in dementia. In H. A. Whittaker (Ed.), Neuropsychological studies of non-focal brain damage: Dementia and trauma, pp. 61–85. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, E. D., Hubler, D. W., Cullum, C. M., & Turkheimer, E. (1985). Intellectual and memory impairment: CT volume correlations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 347–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. M. (1982). Computerized tomography, atrophy and dementia: A review. Progress in Neurobiology, 19, 91–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blinkov, S. M., & Glezer, I. I. (1968). The human brain in figures and tables. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bomstein, R. A., & Matarazzo, J. D. (1984). Relationship of sex and the effects of unilateral lesions on the Wechsler intelligence scales. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172, 707–710.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botwinick, J., Storandt, M., & Berg, L. (1986). A longitudinal, behavioral study of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology, 43, 1124–1127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, S. D., & Braun, P. (1984). Classification of dementia patients by a WAIS profile related to central cholinergic deficiencies. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 393–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, S. D., Sarwar, M., Levin, H. S., & Morris, H. H. (1981). Quantitative indexes of computed tomography in dementia and normal aging. Radiology, 138, 89–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwers, P., Cox, C., Martin, A., Chase, T., & Fedio, P. (1984). Differential perceptual-spatial impairment in Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s dementias. Archives of Neurology, 41, 1073–1076.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chui, H. C., Teng, E. L., Henderson, V. W., & Cook, A. C. (1985). Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology, 35, 1544–1550.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Claviera, L. E., Moseley, L. F., & Stevenson, J. F. (1977). The clinical significance of “cerebral atrophy” as shown on CAT. In G. H. DuBoulay & L. F. Moseley (Eds.), Computed axial tomography in clinical practice. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R. H., Ward, B. E., & Austin, J. H. (1979). Studies in aging of the brain: IV. Neurology, 29, 1402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corballis, M. C. (1983). Human laterally. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crapper, D. R., Quittrat, S., Krishnau, S. S., Dalton, A. J., & DeBon, U. (1980). Intranuclear aluminum content in Alzheimer’s disease, dialysis encephalopathy and experimental aluminum encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathologia, 50, 19–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creasey, H., Schwartz, M., Frederickson, H., Haxby, J. V., & Rapoport, S. I. (1986). Quantitative computed tomography in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology, 36, 1563–1568.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crystal, H. A., Horoupian, D. S., Katzman, R., & Jotkowitz, S. (1982). Biopsy-proved Alzheimer disease presenting as a right parietal lobe syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 12, 186–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullum, C. M., Steinman, D. R., & Bigler, E. D. (1984). Relationship between “fluid” and “crystallized” cognitive function using category and WAIS test scores. Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 172–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. L., Benson, F., Hill, M. A., & Read, S. (1985). Aphasia in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology, 35, 394–397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, N. R., Duara, R., Creasy, H., Grady, C. L., Haxby, J. V., Schapiro, M. B., & Rapaport, S. I. (1984). Brain imaging: Aging and dementia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 101, 355–369.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, H., Eslinger, P., Damasio, A. R., Rizzo, M., Huang, H. K., & Demeter, S. (1983). Quantitative computer tomographic analysis in the diagnosis of dementia. Archives of Neurology, 40, 715–719.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Leon, M. J., & George A. E. (1983). Computed tomography in aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. In R. Mayeux & W. G. Rosen (Eds.), The dementias (pp. 103–122). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Leon, M. J., Ferris, S. H., Blau, I., George, A.E., Reisberg, B., Kricheff, I. I., & Gershon, S. (1979). Correlations between CT changes and behavioral deficits in senile dementia. Lancet, 20, 859–860.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Leon, M. J., Ferris, S. H., George, A. E., Reisberg, B., Kricheff, I. I., & Gershon, S. (1980). Computed tomography in senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Neurobiology of Aging, 1, 69–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Direnfeld, L. K., Albert, M. L., Volice, L., Langlais, P. J., Marquis, J., & Kaplan, E. (1984). Parkinson’s disease: The possible relationship of laterality to dementia and neurochemical findings. Archives of Neurology, 41, 935–941.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duara, R., Grady, C., Haxby, J., Ingvar, D., Sokoloff, L., Margolin, R. A., Manning, R. G., Cutler, N. R., & Rapaport, S. I. (1984). Human brain glucose utilization and cognitive function in relation to age. Annals of Neurology, 16, 702–713.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Earnest, M. P., Heaton, R. K., Wilkinson, W. E., & Manke, W. R. (1979). Cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement and intellectual impairment in the aged. Neurology, 29, 1138–1143.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emery, O. B., & Emery, P. E. (1983). Language in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 8, 169–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eslinger, P. J., Benton, A. L. (1983). Visuoperceptual performances in aging and dementia: Clinical and theoretical implications. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 213–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eslinger, P. J., Damasio, H., Graff-Radford, N., & Damasio, A. R. (1984). Examining the relationship between computed tomography and neuropsychological measures in normal and demented elderly. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 47, 1319–1325.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eslinger, P. J., Damasio, A. R., Benton, A. L., & Van Allen, M. (1985). Neuropsychologic detection of abnormal mental decline in older persons. Journal of the American Medical Association, 253, 670–674.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filley, C.M., Kelly, J., & Heaton, R. K., (1986). Neuropsychologic features of early-and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology, 43, 574–576.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, C. V., & Winter, J. (1981). Computed axial tomograms and dementia in elderly patients. Gerontology, 36, 164–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, N. L., Chase, T. N., Mansi, L., Brooks, R., Fedio, P., Patronas, N. J., & DiChiro, G. (1984). Cortical abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 16, 649–654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. H., Topel, J. L., & Huckman, M. S. (1975). Use of computed tomography in senile dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 38, 948–953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. H., Ramsey, R. G., Huckman, M. S., & Proske, A. E. (1976). Cerebral ventricular enlargement: Chronic alcoholics examined by computerized tomography. Journal of the American Medical Association, 236, 365–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. H., Kaszniak, A. W., & Huckman, M. (1979). Computerized tomographic screening not very helpful in dementia—nor in craniopharyngioma. New England Journal of Medicine, 300, 437.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R. P., Budinger, T. E., Brant-Zawadzki, M., & Jagust, W. J. (1984). The diagnosis of Alzheimer-type dementia: A preliminary comparison of positron emission tomography and proton magnetic resonance. Journal of the American Medical Association, 252, 2750–2752.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuld, P. A. (1983). Psychometric differentiation of the dementias: An overview. In B. Reisberg (Ed.), Alzheimer’s disease: The standard reference (pp. 201–210). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuld, P. A. (1984). Test profile of cholinergic dysfunction of Alzheimer-type dementia. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 380–392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gado, M., & Hughes, C. (1978). Cerebral atrophy and aging. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 2, 520–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gazzaniga, M. S., & Blakemore, C. (1975). Handbook of Psychobiology. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, C.F., Lanhert, R. L., & Nathan, R. J. (1978). The CT scan appearance of the brain in the normal elderly population: A correlative study. Neuroradiology, 16, 120–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, L., Hagberg, B., & Ingvar, D. (1978). Speech disturbances in presenile dementia related to local cerebral blood flow abnormalities in the dominant hemisphere. Brain and Language, 5, 103–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haug, G. (1977). Age and sex dependence of the size of normal ventricles on computed tomography. Neuroradiology, 14, 201–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hershey, L. A., Modic, M. T., Greenough, G., & Jaffe, D. F. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging in vascular dementia. Neurology, 37, 29–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, A., Wilkinson, W. E., Hurwitz, B. J., Schmechel, D., Sigmon, A. H., Weinberg, T., Helms, M. J., & Swift, M. (1983). Alzheimer’s disease: Genetic aspects and associated clinical disorders. Annals of Neurology, 14, 507–515.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, A., Wilkinson, W. E., Stafford, J. A., Helms, M. J., Sigmon, A. H., & Weinberg, T. (1984). Alzheimer’s disease: A study of epidemiological aspects. Annals of Neurology, 15, 335–341.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hochandel, G., & Kaplan, E. (1984). Neuropsychology of normal aging. In M. L. Albert (Ed.), Clinical neurology of aging. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horenstein, S. (1971). Amnestic, agnostic, apractic and aphasic features in dementing illness. In C. E. Wells (Ed.), Dementia. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, B. M. & Anderson, J. M. (1981). A qualitative study of cerebral atrophy in old age and senile dementia. Journal of Neurological Science, 50, 135–145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huckman, M. S., Fox, J., & Topel, J. (1975). The validity of criteria for the evaluation of cerebral atrophy by computed tomography. Radiology, 116, 85–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huckman, M. S., Fox, J. H., & Ramsey, R. G. (1977). Computed tomography in the diagnosis of degenerative disease of the brain. Seminars in Roentgenology, 1, 63–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C. P., & Gado, M. (1981). Computed tomography and aging of the brain. Radiology, 139, 391–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, P. L., & Farmer, T. W. (1979). The “hypernormal” CT scan in dementia: Bilateral isodense subdural haematomas. Neurology, 29, 1522–1524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacoby, R., & Levy, R. (1980). CT scanning and the investigation of dementia: A review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 73, 366–369.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joynt, R. J. (1981). Neurology of aging. Seminars in Neurology, 1, 1–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R. (1976). The prevalence and malignancy of Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology, 33, 217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazniak, A. W., Fox, J., Gandell, D. L., Garron, D. C., Huckman, M. S., & Ramsey, R. G. (1978). Predictors of mortality in presenile and senile dementia. Annals of Neurology, 3, 246–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirshner, H. S., Webb, W. G., Kelly, M. P., & Wells, C. E. (1984). Language disturbance: An initial symptom of cortical degenerations and dementia. Archives of Neurology, 41, 491–496.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa, Y., Meyer, J. S., Tachibana, H., Mortel, K. F., & Rogers, R. L. (1984). CT-CBF correlations of cognitive deficits in multi-infarct dementia. Stroke, 15, 1000–1009.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koller, W. C., Wilson, R. S., Glatt, S. L., & Fox, J. H. (1984). Motor signs are infrequent in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Annals of Neurology, 16, 514–516.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, E., Ober, B. A., Friedland, R. P., & Jagust, W. J. (1985). Cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer-type dementia is related to age and cerebral metabolic asymmetries. Presented at the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littman, E. G., Berg, G., & Novelly, R. A. (1984). Relationship of sulcal or ventricular enlargement to behavior without reference to dementia. Presented at the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychology Society, Houston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loring, D. W., & Largen, J. W. (1985). Neuropsychological patterns of presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia, 23, 351–357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacInnes, W. D., Golden, C. J., Gillen, R. W., Sawicki, R. F., Quaife, M. Uhi, H. S. M., & Greenhouse, A. J. (1984). Aging, regional cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological functioning. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 32, 712–718.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marguez, J. A. (1983). Computerized tomography and neuropsychological tests in dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 2, 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massman, P. J. (1986). The relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular volume. International Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 87–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massman, P. J., Bigler, E. D., Cullum, C. M., & Naugle, R. I. (1986). The relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular volume in Alzheimer’s Disease and closed head injury. International Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 87–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayeux, R., Stern, Y., & Spanton, S. (1985). Heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Evidence of subgroups. Neurology, 35, 453–461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, E. C., Payne, J. T., Baker, H. L., Hattery, R. R., Sheedy, P. F., Stephens, D. H., & Gedgaudus, E. (1976). Performance evaluation and quality assurance of computed tomography scanners, with illustrations from the EMI, ACTA and delta scanners. Radiology, 120, 173–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDuff, T., & Sumi, S. M. (1985). Subcortical degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 35, 123–126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Prize, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association work group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMenemey, W. H. (1970). Alois Alzheimer and his disease. In G. E. W. Wolstenholme & M. O’Connor (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions (pp. 5–9). London: Churchill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesulam, M. M. (1982). Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia. Annals of Neurology, 11, 592–598.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. C., Cole, M., Banker, B. Q., & Wright, D. (1984). Hereditary dysphasic dementia and the Pick-Alzheimer spectrum. Annals of Neurology, 16, 455–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, J. A., French, L. R., Hutton, J. T., & Schuman, L. M. (1985). Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 35, 264–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munoz-Garcia, D., & Ludwin, S. K. (1984). Classic and generalized variants of Pick’s disease: A clinico-pathological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical comparative study. Annals of Neurology, 16, 467–480.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naugle, R. I., Cullum, C. M., Bigler, E. D., & Massman, P. J. (1985). Neuropsychological and CT volume characteristics of empirically-derived subgroups. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 10, 596–604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naugle, R. I., Cullum, C. M., Bigler, E. D., & Massman, P. J. (1986). Neuropsychological characteristics and atrophic brain changes in senile and presenile dementia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, 219–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naugle, R. I., Bigler, E. D. Cullum, C. M., & Massman, P. J. (1987). Handedness and dementia. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65, 207–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Mann, D. M. A., Bowen, D. ML, Sims, N. R., Northen, B., Yates, P. O., & Davison, A. N. (1986). Alzheimer’s disease: A correlative study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 49, 229–237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perd, D. P., & Brody, A. R. (1980). Alzheimer’s disease: X-ray spectrometric evidence of aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons. Science, 208, 297–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramani, S. V., Loewenson, R. B., & Gold, L. (1979). Computerized tomographic scanning and the diagnosis of dementia. New England Journal of Medicine, 300, 1336–1337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raz, N., Raz, S., Yeo, R. A., Turkheimer, E., Bigler, E. D., & Cullum, C. M. (1987). Relationship between cognitive and morphological asymmetry in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A CT scan study. International Journal of Neuroscience. 35, 235–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitan, R. M., & Davison, L. A. (1974). Clinical neuropsychology: Current status and applications. Washington: Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M. A., & Caird, F. I. (1976). Computerized tomography and intellectual impairment in the elderly. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 39, 986–989.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M. A., Caird, F. L., Grossart, K. W., & Steven, J. L. (1976). Computerized tomography and the diagnosis of cerebral atrophy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 39, 909–915.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocca, W. A., Amaduci, L. A., & Schoenberg, B. S. (1986). Epidemiology of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 19, 415–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, W. G., Mohs, R.C., & Davis, K. L. (1984). A new rating scale for Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1356–1364.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, E. W. (1979). Three patterns of brain damage on the WAIS. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 611–620.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheibel, A. B., & Wechsler, A. F. (1986). The biological substrates of Alzheimer’s disease. Orlando: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenberg, B. S., Anderson, D. W., & Haerer, A. F. (1985). Severe dementia: Prevalence and clinical features in a biracial US population. Archives of Neurology, 42, 740–743.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M., Crasey, H., Grady, C. L., DeLeo, J. M., Frederickson, H. A., Cutler, N. R., & Rapoport, S.I. (1985). Computed tomographic analysis of brain morphometrics in 30 healthy men, aged 21 to 81 years. Annals of Neurology, 17, 146–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seguerra, J. M. (1984). Alzheimer’s disease: A single entity? Archives of Neurology, 41, 362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, B., & Sherwin, I. (1983). A comparison of clinical features in early and late onset primary degenerative dementia. Archives of Neurology, 40, 143–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semple, A. A., Smith, C. M., & Swash, M. (1982). The Alzheimer disease syndrome. In Corkin (Ed.), Alzheimer’s disease: A report of progress (pp. 93–107). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spath, H. (1980). Cluster analysis algorithms. Chichester: Ellis Harwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Springer, S. P., & Deutsch, G. (1981). Left brain, right brain. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storandt, M., Botwinick, J., Danziger, W. L., Berg, L., & Hughes, C. P. (1984). Psychometric differentiation of mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Archives of Neurology, 41, 497–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strub, R. L., & Black, F. W. (1981). Organic brain syndromes: An introduction to neurobehavioral disorders. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry, R. D. (1978). Aging, senile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In R. Katzman, R. D. Terry, & K. L. Bick (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease: Senile dementia and related disorders (pp. 11–14). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry, R. D., & Katzman, R. (1983). Senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Annals of Neurology, 14, 497–506.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turkheimer, E., Yeo, R., & Bigler, E. D. (1983). Digital planimetry in APLSF. Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation, 15, 471–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turkheimer, E., Cullum, C. M., Hubler, D. W., Paver, S. W., Yeo, R. A., & Bigler, E. D. (1984). Quantifying cortical atrophy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 47, 1314–1318.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, A. F. (1977). Presenile dementia presenting as aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 40, 303–305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, A. F., Verity, M. A., Rosenschein, S., Fried, I., & Scheibel, A. B. (1982). Pick’s Disease: A clinical, computed tomographic and histologic study with Golgi impregnation observations. Archives of Neurology, 39, 287–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1945). A standardized memory scale for clinical use. Journal of Psychology, 19, 87–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1955). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale manual New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1958). The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence (4th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, C. E. (1984). Diagnosis of dementia: A reassessment. Psychosomatics, 25, 183–190.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wisniewski, K. E., Wisniewski, H. M., & Wen, G. Y. (1985). Occurrence of neuropathological changes and dementia of Alzheimer’s disease in Down’s syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 17, 278–282.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, S. N. (1977). The ventricular size on computed tomography. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 2, 22–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeo, R. A., Turkheimer, E., & Bigler, E. D. (1984). The influence of sex and age on unilateral cerebral lesion sequelae. International Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 299–301.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA

    Richard I. Naugle

  2. Austin Neurological Clinic and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA

    Erin D. Bigler

Authors
  1. Richard I. Naugle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erin D. Bigler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Austin Neurological Clinic and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA

    Erin D. Bigler

  2. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA

    Ronald A. Yeo Ph.D.

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA

    Eric Turkheimer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Naugle, R.I., Bigler, E.D. (1989). Brain Imaging and Neuropsychological Identification of Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type. In: Bigler, E.D., Yeo, R.A., Turkheimer, E. (eds) Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging. Critical Issues in Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2536-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2534-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation