Abstract
Pressure is one of the most effective methods available to solid-state scientists to alter properties of matter. Since its implementation by Bridgman early this century, application of high pressure research in matter has provided substantial information on the properties of matter, in all aspects. Today, as a result of the development of static high pressure devices based on the diamond-anvil cell, experimenters can reach pressures in the megabar region generating energy densities in matter of the order of keV/nm3. With such energy densities insulators with gap energies in the eV regions become metals, new structural and electronic phases become stable, and new aspects of magnetism may be revealed. The diamond anvil cell thus has become a very powerful ultra-high-pressure device, helping scientists discover new states of matter. Some of the modern diamond anvil cells generating pressures into the Mbar region can fit into the palm of the hand and allow a variety of sophisticated measurements to be performed on materials even though samples are of microscopic dimensions. The principles underlying the diamond anvil cell, its pressure calibration, its applications as of 1983, and some potential uses, are extensively described in the review paper by Jayaraman.1
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Pasternak, M.P., Taylor, R.D. (1996). High Pressure Mössbauer Spectroscopy: The Second Generation. In: Long, G.J., Grandjean, F. (eds) Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Magnetism and Materials Science. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1763-8_8
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