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Biology and Molecular Biology of Bunyaviruses

  • Chapter
The Bunyaviridae

Part of the book series: The Viruses ((VIRS))

Abstract

The Bunyavirus genus is the largest genus in the Bunyaviridae family with more than 172 recognized virus serotypes and subtypes (Karabatsos, 1985; Chapter 1). As discussed in Chapter 1, they are organized into 18 serogroups with a small number of ungrouped viruses. The viruses have been placed into these serogroups on the basis of the results of a number of serological tests (Bishop and Shope, 1979). The data suggest that there are more significant antigenic differences between members of the different serogroups than between members of the same serogroup. Generally, there is no detectable cross-neutralization, or hemagglutinin inhibition, between members of different groups, but some degree of cross-neutralization, or hemagglutinin inhibition, between members of the same group (depending on the virus, see Hunt and Calisher, 1979). Some serogroups are more closely related to others than they are to the rest of the genus (Klimas et al., 1981b). None of the viruses exhibit any antigenic relationship to members of other genera of the family (Bishop and Shope, 1979). Within a serogroup virus isolates may be considered as separate species, or relatives of such species. In antigenic terms, viruses are classified by serological tests into serotypes (the original virus of a grouping), subtypes (in which there are some antigenic differences to the founder virus as demonstrated using polyclonal sera), variants (where such differences are only demonstrated using particular antibodies, such as a monoclonal antibody), or varieties (where the antigenic difference may be minor, or where sequence analyses indicate a small number of differences between virus isolates). These terms will be used in this chapter. However, what constitutes a bunyavirus species has yet to be defined (Bishop, 1985). It could be argued that each bunyavirus serogroup may include only a few virus species, or even only one if viruses that produce reassortants in dual infections are considered to constitute one species. This issue is, however, complicated by the fact that although certain viruses are genetically similar they may be ecologically distinct, thus reducing the opportunity for reassortment.

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  1. NERC Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology, Oxford, OX1 3SR, England

    David H. L. Bishop

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  1. Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland

    Richard M. Elliott

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Bishop, D.H.L. (1996). Biology and Molecular Biology of Bunyaviruses. In: Elliott, R.M. (eds) The Bunyaviridae. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1364-7_2

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