Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Larch Budmoth in the Alps

  • Chapter
Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations

Part of the book series: Population Ecology ((POPE))

Abstract

During the late 1940s, immediately after World War II, the lush green forests of the Engadine Valley, high in the Swiss Alps, turned an ugly red-brown in the midst of the tourist season. This was due to a spectacular outbreak of the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera diniana Guenée (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Preparing for a revival of the tourist industry, and having the new insecticide DDT at hand, it seemed only appropriate that the tourist office urge the forest service to control the pest. This was the beginning of what was to become a 34-year study of the population dynamics of the larch budmoth (Fig. 1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aeschlimann, J.-P., 1969, Contribution à l’étude de tors espèces d’eulophides (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasites de la tordeuse grise du mélèze, Zeiraphera diniana GUENEE (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Haute-Engadine, Entomophaga 14: 261–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aeschlimann, J.-P., 1975, Biologie, comportement et lacher expérimental de Triclistus pygmaeus Cresson (Hym, Ichn.), Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 48: 165–171.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, R. M., and May, R. M., 1980, Infectious diseases and population cycles of forest insects, Science 210: 658–661.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Auer, C., 1961, Ergebnisse zwölfjähriger quantitativer Untersuchungen der Populationsbewegung des Grauen Lärchenwicklers Zeiraphera griseana Hübner (=diniana GUENÉE) im Oberengadin (1949/1960), Eidg. Anst. Forstl. Versuchswes. Mitt. 37: 173–263.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Auer, C., 1968, Erste Ergebnisse einfacher stochastischer Modelluntersuchungen über die Ursachen der Populationsbewegung des grauen Lärchenwicklers Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (= griseana Hb.) im Oberengadin, 1949/66, Z. Angew. Entomol. 62: 202–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Auer, C., 1971, Some analyses of the quantitative structure in populations and dynamics of larch bud moth 1949/1968, in: Statistical Ecology ( G. P. Patil, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 151–173, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Auer, C., 1971, A simple mathematical model for “key-factor” analysis and comparison in population research, in: Statistical Ecology ( G. P. Patil, ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 33–48, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Auer, C., 1974, Ein Feldversuch zur gezielten Veränderung zyklischer Insektenpopulationsbewegungen, Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 125: 333–358.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Auer, C., 1975, Dendrometrische Grundlagen und Verfahren zur Schätzung absoluter Insektenpopulationen, Eidg. Anst. Forstl. Versuchswes. Mitt. 50: 88–131.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Auer, C., 1975, Jährliche und langfristige Dichteveränderungen bei Lärchenwicklerpopulationen (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.) ausserhalb des Optimumgebietes, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 48: 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Auer, C., 1977, Dynamik von Lärchenwicklerpopulationen längs des Alpenbogens, Eidg. Anst. Forstl. Versuchswes. Mitt. 53: 71–105.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bakke, A., 1969, Extremely low supercooling point in eggs of Zeiraphera diniana (GuENÉE), Norsk. Entomol. Tidsskr. 3: 81–83.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Baltensweiler, W., 1964, Zeiraphera griseana HÜBNER (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the European Alps. A contribution to the problem of cycles, Can. Entomol. 96: 792–800.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Baltensweiler, W., 1971, The relevance of changes in the composition of larch bud moth populations for the dynamics of its numbers, in: Dynamics of Populations. Proceedings of the Advanced Study Institute of Dynamics Numbers Popul. Oosterbeek. ( P. S. DenBoer and G. R. Gradwell, eds.), pp. 208–219, Pudoc, Wageningen.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Baltensweiler, W., 1977, Colour-polymorphism and dynamics of larch bud moth populations (Zeiraphera diniana Gn., Lep. Tortricidae), Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 50: 15–23.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Baltensweiler, W., 1978, Insect Population Dynamics, pp. 381–394 in Proc. XVI IUFRO World Congress, Norway 1976, Div. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Baltensweiler, W., 1982, Zur Entwicklung der gegenwärtigen Massenvermehrung des Grauen Lärchenwicklers (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.). Inst. Phytomedizin, ETH Zürich, unpublished report 91.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Baltensweiler, W., 1983, The impact of weather on the life system larch–larch bud moth in the European Alps. in: The role of insect–plant relationship in the population dynamics of forest pests, (A. S. Isaev, ed.), pp. 73–83, Proc. Symp. IUFRO/MAB, Irkutsk 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Baltensweiler, W., 1984, The role of environment and reproduction in the population dynamics of the larch bud moth, Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), in: Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction ( W. Engels, W. H. Clark, Jr., A. Fischer, P. J. W. Olive, and D. F. Went, eds.), Vol. 3, pp. 291–302, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Baltensweiler, W., 1985, On the extent and the mechanisms of the outbreaks of the Larch Bud Moth (Zeiraphera diniana Gn., Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and its impact on the subalpine Larch-cembran pine Forest ecosystem, in: Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research and Management, Proc. 3rd IUFRO Workshop P 1.07–00, 1984, Eidg. Anst. Forst. Versuchswes., Ber. 270 ( H. Turner and W. Tranquillini, eds. ), pp. 215–219.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Baltensweiler, W., and G. von Salis, 1975, Zur Dispersionsdynamik der Falter des Grauen Lärchenwicklers (Zeiraphera diniana Gn., Tortricidae). Z. angew. Entomol. 77: 251–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Baltensweiler, W., Benz, G., Bovey, P., and Delucchi, V., 1977, Dynamics of larch bud moth populations, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 22: 79–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Baltensweiler, W., Priesner, E., Am, H., and Delucchi, V., 1978, Unterschiedliche Sexuallockstoffe bei Lärchen-und Arvenform des Grauen Lärchenwicklers (Zeiraphera diniana Gn., Lep., Tortricidae), Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 51: 133–142.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Baltensweiler, W., and Delucchi, V., 1979, The study of larch bud moth migration in the Engadine valley by means of a parapheromone, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 52: 291–296.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Baltensweiler, W., and Fischlin, A., 1979, The role of migration for the population dynamics of the larch bud moth Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lep., Tortricidae), Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 52: 259–271.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Baltensweiler, W., and Rubli, D., 1984, Forstliche Aspekte der Populationszyklen von Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lep., Tortricidae), Eidg. Anst. foretl. Versuchswes., Mitt. 60: 1–148.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Baltensweiler, W., and Fischlin, A., 1987. On methods to analyze ecosystems: lessons from the analysis of forest-insect systems, in: Potentials and limitations of ecosystem analysis ( E. D. Schulze and H. Zwölfer, eds.), pp. 401–415, Springer, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Benz, G., 1974, Negative Rückkoppelung durch Raum-und Nahrungskonkurrenz sowie zyklische Veränderung der Nahrungsgrundlage als Regelprinzip in der Populationsdynamik des Grauen Lärchenwicklers, Zeiraphera diniana (GuENÉE) (Lep., Tortricidae), Z. angew. Entomol. 76: 31–49.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Bovey, P., 1958, Le problème de la tordeuse grise du mélèze Eucosmu griseana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) dans les forêts alpines, Proc. 10. Congr. Internat. Entomology, 1956, 4: 123–131.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bovey, P., 1978, Spilonota und Zeiraphera, in: Die Forstschädlinge Europas. Band 3: Schmetterlinge (W. Schwenke, ed.), pp. 153–177, Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bovey, P., and Maksymov, J. K., 1959, Le problème des races biologiques chez la tordeuse grise du mélèze Zeiraphera griseana (HB), Vierteljahrsschrift d. Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich 104: 264–274.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Burger, H., 1926, Untersuchungen über das Höhenwachstum verschiedener Baumarten, Eidg. Anst. Forstl. Versuchsw., Mitt. 14: 29–158.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chaix, B., 1845, Préoccupations statistiques, géographiques, pittoresques et synoptiques du Département des Hautes Alpes, Allier, Grenoble.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Chitty, D., 1977, Natural selection and the regulation of density in cyclic and non-cyclic populations, in: Evolutionary Ecology ( B. Stonehouse and C. Perrin, eds.), pp. 27–31. MacMillan Press Ltd., London.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Day, K. R., 1976, An ecological study of Zeiraphera diniana GN. (=griseana HB.) on conifers in Britain, Ph.D. thesis, University of London, London.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Day, K., 1984, Phenology, polymorphism and insect-plant relationships of the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera diniana (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on alternative conifer hosts in Britain, Bull. Entomol. Res. 74: 47–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Day, K. R., and Baltensweiler, W., 1972, Change in the proportion of the larval colourtypes of the larchform Zeiraphera diniana when reared on two media, Entomol. Exp. Appl. 15: 287–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Delucchi, V., 1982, Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Zeiraphera diniana GN. (Lep., Tortricidae) and their rôle in population control in outbreak areas, Entomophaga 27: 77–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Delucchi, V., and Renfer, A., 1977, The level of abundance of Phytodietus griseanae Kerrich (Hym. Ichneumonidae) determined by its host Zeiraphera diniana Guenée (Lep., Tortricidae) at high altitude, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 50: 233–248.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Eidmann, H., 1934, Untersuchungen über Herdtheorie und Überflug, in: Die Forleule in Preussen im Jahre 1933 ( H. Eidmann, ed.), pp. 28–34. Sonderheft, Verlag M. und H. Schaper, Hannover.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ellenberg, H., and Klötzli, F., 1972, Waldgesellschaften und Waldstandorte der Schweiz, Eidg. Anst. forstl. Versuchswes., Mitt. 48: 589–930.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Escherich, K., and Bär, W., 1909, Einiges über den grauen Lärchenwickler, Naturw. Z. Land-u. Forstw. 7: 188–194.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Fischlin, A., 1982, Analyse eines Wald-Insekten-Systems: Der subalpine Lärchen-Arvenwald und der graue Lärchenwickler Zeiraphera diniana GN. (Lep., Tortricidae ), Ph.D. Diss ETHZ Nr. 6977.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Fischlin, A., 1983, Modelling of alpine valleys, defoliated forests, and larch bud moth cycles: The rôle of moth migration, in: Mathematical models of renewable resources (R. Lamberson, ed.), Vol. II, pp. 102104. Proceedings of the 2nd Pacific Coast Conference on Mathematical Modeling of Renewable Resources, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Fischlin, A., and Baltensweiler, W., 1979, Systems analysis of the larch bud moth system. Part I: the larch-larch bud moth relationship, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 52: 273–289.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Fischlin, A., Baltensweiler, W., Delucchi, V., Francesci, G., and Seiffert, F., Is the rawfiber content really correlated with the population cycles of larch bud moth? Some results from chemical analysis of larch needles from the Upper Engadine Valley, unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Fischlin, A., Chitty, D., and Krebs, C. J., Modelling the real Chitty Hypothesis,Institute of Animal Resource Ecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Graf, E., 1974, Zur Biologie und Gradologie des Grauen Lärchenwicklers, Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lep., Tortricidae) im schweizerischen Mittelland, Z. angew. Entomol. 76:233–251, 347–379.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Guerin, P. M., Baltensweiler, W., Arn, H., and Buser, H.-R., 1984, Host race pheromone polymorphism in the larch budmoth, Experientia 40: 892–894.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Haukioja, E., 1980, On the role of plant defenses in the fluctuation of herbivore populations, Oikos 35: 202–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Herren, H. R., 1976, Manipulation d’une population de la tordeuse grise du Mélèze en vue d’augmenter l’efficacité de ses parasitoides, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 49: 307–308.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Herren, H. R., 1977, Le rôle des eulophides dans la gradation de la tordeuse grise du mélèze, Zeiraphera diniana GUENEE (Lep., Tortricidae) en Haute-Engadine, Ph.D. Thèse, ETHZ No. 6037.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Howard, L. O., and Fiske, W. F., 1911, The importation into the United States of the parasites of the Gipsy Moth and Brown-Tail Moth: A report of progress with some considerations of previous and concurrent efforts of this kind, U.S. Dept. Bur. Ent. Bull. 91: 105–109.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kälin, A., and Auer, C., 1954, Statistische Methoden zur Untersuchung von Insektenpopulationen, Z. angew. Entomol. 36:241–282, 423–461.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kawabe, A., 1980, Descriptions of fourteen new species of the micro moths of Japan, Tinea 11: 17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Krebs, C. J., 1978, A review of the Chitty Hypothesis of population regulation, Can. J. Zool. 56: 2463–2480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Levin, D. A., 1976, The chemical defences of plants to pathogens and herbivores, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 121–159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Lotka, A. J., 1925, Elements of physical biology, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Maksymov, J. K., 1959, Beitrag zur Biologie und Oekologie des Grauen Lärchenwicklers Zeiraphera griseana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) im Engadin, Mitt. schweiz. Anst. forstl. Versuchsw. 35: 277–315.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Martignoni, M. E., 1957, Contributo alla conoscenza di una granulosi di Eucosma griseana (Hübner) (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) quale fattore limitante il pullulamento dell’insetto nella Engadina alta, Mitt. schweiz. Anst. forstl. Versuchsw. 32: 371–418.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Martouret, D., and Auer, C., 1977, Effets de Bacillus thuringiensis chez une population de tordeuse grise du mélèze, Zeiraphera diniana (Lep.: Tortricidae) en culmination gradologique, Entomophaga 22: 37–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Mutuura, A., and Freeman, T. N., 1966, The North American species of the genus Zeiraphera. J. Res. Lepid. 5: 153–176.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Omlin, F. X., 1977, Zur populationsdynamischen Wirkung der durch Raupenfrass und Düngung veränderten Nahrungsbasis auf den Grauen Lärchenwickler Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lep.: Tortricidae ), Ph.D. Diss. ETHZ Nr. 6054.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Omlin, F. X., and Herren, H. R., 1976, Zur Populationsdynamik des Grauen Lärchenwicklers, Zeiraphera diniana Guenée (Lep., Tortricidae), im Ahrntal (Südtirol, Italien): Lebenstafeluntersuchungen und Nahrungsverhältnisse während der Vegetationsperiode 1975, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 49: 203–228.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Priesner, E., 1979, Specificity studies on pheromone receptors of noctuid and tortricid Lepidoptera, in: Chemical Ecology: Odour Communication in Animals ( F. J. Ritter, ed.), pp. 57–71, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Renfer, A., 1974, Caractéristique biologiques et efficacité de Phytodietus griseanae Kerrich (Hym., Ichneumonidae) parasitoide de Zeiraphera diniana Guenée (Lep., Tortricidae) en haute montagne, Ph.D. Thèse, ETHZ No. 5278.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Schweingruber, F. H., 1979, Auswirkungen des Lärchenwicklerbefalls auf die Jahrringstruktur der Lärche, Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 130: 1071–1093.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Schwerdtfeger, F., 1963, Ökologie der Tiere. I. Autökologie, Paul Parey, Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Schwerdtfeger, F., 1968, Ökologie der Tiere. II. Demökologie, Paul Parey, Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Stenseth, N. C., 1981, On Chitty’s theory for fluctuating populations: the importance of genetic polymorphism in the generation of regular density cycles, J. Theor. Biol. 90: 9–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Vaclena, K., and Baltensweiler, W., 1978, Untersuchungen zur Dispersionsdynamik des Grauen Lärchenwicklers, Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (Lep., Tortricidae): 2. Das Flugverhalten der Falter im Freiland, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 51: 59–88.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Van den Bos, J., and Rabbinge, R., 1976, Simulation of the fluctuations of the grey larch bud moth, Simulation monographs, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Volterra, V., 1926, Variazioni e fluttuazioni del numero d’individui in specie animali conviventi, Memorie della R. Accademia dei Lincei 2: 31–113.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Werner Baltensweiler

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, Project Centre IDA/Celtia, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Andreas Fischlin

Authors
  1. Werner Baltensweiler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreas Fischlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 99164-6432, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Alan A. Berryman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baltensweiler, W., Fischlin, A. (1988). The Larch Budmoth in the Alps. In: Berryman, A.A. (eds) Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations. Population Ecology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0789-9_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0789-9_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0791-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0789-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation