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Theories of Visual Cortex Organization in Primates

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Extrastriate Cortex in Primates

Part of the book series: Cerebral Cortex ((CECO,volume 12))

Abstract

The present review outlines and evaluates theories of how visual cortex is divided into areas in primates. Maps of cortical areas have long been used as guides for further research and they clearly have implications for how information is processed in the visual system. Early maps such as those of Brodmann (1909) and Von Economo (1929) have had great impact on current theories of visual cortex organization, and parts of these early theories remain in use. Yet early investigators disagreed on how extrastriate cortex is subdivided, and the usefulness of the architectonic methods used to formulate early proposals has been repeatedly questioned (e.g., Lashely and Clark, 1946). Current proposals are more complex and include many visual areas. In principle, current proposals should be more accurate because they are based on additional sorts of information, especially patterns of cortical connections and retinotopic organization. Indeed there is widespread agreement on the locations and extent of some proposed fields such as V2 and MT (V5). However, our maps of cortex also differ in many ways, suggesting that the supporting evidence is ambiguous and limited enough to allow different interpretations. As a reflection of this uncertainty, Felleman and Van Essen (1991), after an extensive review and synthesis, conclude that of 32 proposed visual areas, only five rate a high confidence level of 1 on a scale of 1–3. Possibly one might take an even more conservative view, since only three areas (V1, V2, and MT) are components of most proposals. In any case, it seems useful to review the progression from early to recent theories of cortical organization in an effort to see how they evolved and influenced each other, as well as determine both reliable features and those that require further study and evaluation.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240, USA

    Jon H. Kaas

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  1. Department of Neurology, 2007 RCP, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 52242-1053, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Kathleen S. Rockland

  2. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 37240, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Jon H. Kaas

  3. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Alan Peters

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Kaas, J.H. (1997). Theories of Visual Cortex Organization in Primates. In: Rockland, K.S., Kaas, J.H., Peters, A. (eds) Extrastriate Cortex in Primates. Cerebral Cortex, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9625-4_3

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