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Taurine and the Oxidative Metabolism of Cysteine

  • Chapter
Biochemistry of Sulfur

Part of the book series: Biochemistry of the Elements ((BOTE,volume 6))

Abstract

Plants and microorganisms synthesize Cys. In animals, Cys is derived from the diet, from breakdown of protein, or from Met via transsulfuration. Metabolic pathways available for it involve oxidation, or utilization at the same oxidation state for protein synthesis or the synthesis of other thiol components, such as GSH. Cys metabolism is outlined on Figure 4-1, with the sections listed in which various branches are discussed in detail (Kun, 1969; Jocelyn, 1972; Greenberg, 1975; Cooper, 1983). The major pathways of oxidation branch from CSA and lead to sulfate or taurine (Figure 4-1). These are the major excreted metabolites of sulfur in mammals. Other, quantitatively minor, routes of oxidation involve transamination of Cys itself, and oxidation to sulfate by a route not involving CSA. An indication of the significance of the various routes of sulfur excretion is given by the data of Table 4-1 on urinary excretion of sulfur metabolites in humans (Sörbo et al., 1980). Metabolites arising from 3-mercaptopyruvate by reduction or via the sulfane pool account for less than 0.5% of total sulfur excretion. N-Acetylcysteine presumably arises from mercapturic acid (Green and Elce, 1975).

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    Ryan J. Huxtable

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Huxtable, R.J. (1986). Taurine and the Oxidative Metabolism of Cysteine. In: Biochemistry of Sulfur. Biochemistry of the Elements, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9438-0_4

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