Abstract
In this chapter we discuss the mode and rate of growth in ammonoids, focusing primarily on postembryonic growth. We first discuss the general mode of growth and then describe the ontogenetic sequence of growth stages. These stages are recognized on the basis of changes in morphology. For example, a gràph of the increase in size of whorl width versus shell diameter in an individual reveals changes through ontogeny that pinpoint the end of one growth stage and the beginning of another. We next discuss the overall rate of growth through ontogeny and establish a generalized growth curve. In this discussion, we refer to other cephalopods whose rate of growth is known. Fluctuations in the rate of growth that are superimposed on this growth curve are indicated in ammonoids by the presence of such shell features as varices and constrictions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arkell, W. J., Kummel, B., and Wright, C. W., 1957, Mesozoic Ammonoidea, in: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part L, Moll usco 4 ( R. C. Moore, ed.), Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS, pp. 80–465.
Bandel, K., Landman, N. H., and Waage, K. M., 1982, Micro-ornament on early whorls of Mesozoic ammonites: Implications for early ontogeny, J. Paleont. 56 (2): 386–391.
Bayer, U., 1972a. Zur Ontogenie und Variabilität des jurassischen Ammoniten Leioceras opalinum, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 140: 306–327.
Bayer, U., 1972b, Ontogenie der liassischen Ammonitengattung Bifericeras, Paläontol. Z. 46: 225–241.
Bayer, U., 1977, Cephalopoden-Septen. Teil 2. Regelmechanismen im Gehäuse-und Septenbau der Ammoniten, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 155: 162–215.
Birkelund, T., 1981, Ammonoid shell structure, in: The Ammonoidea, Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 18 ( M. R. House and J. R. Senior, eds.), Academic Press, London, pp. 177–214
Blind, W., and Jordan, R., 1979, “Septen-Gabelung” an einer Dorsetensia romani (Oppel) aus dem nordwestdeutschen Dogger, Paläontol. Z. 53:137–141.
Bogoslovsky, B. I., 1982, An interesting form of apertural formation in the shell of clymeniids, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 264 (6): 1483–1486
Boletzky, S. v., 1983, Sepia officinalis, in: Cephalopod Life Cycles, Vol. I (P. R. Boyle, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 31–52.
Boucot, A. J., 1953, Life and death assemblages among fossils, Am. J. Sci. 251: 25–40.
Boyle, P. R., and Thorpe, R. S., 1984, Optic gland enlargement and female gonad maturation in a population of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa: A multivariate analysis, Mar. Biol. 79: 127–132
Brett, C. E., and Seilacher, A., 1991, Fossil Lagerstätten: A taphonomic consequence of event sedimentation, in: Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy ( G. Einsele, W. Ricken, and A. Seilacher, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 283–297.
Buchardt, B., and Weiner, S., 1981, Diagenesis of aragonite from Upper Cretaceous ammonites: A geochemical case-study, Sedimentology 28: 423–438.
Bucher, H., and Guex, J., 1990, Rythmes de croissance chez les ammonites triasiques, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 80 (2): 191–209.
Callomon, J. H., 1963, Sexual dimorphism in Jurassic ammonites, Trans. Leicester Lit. Phil. Soc. 57: 21–56.
Callomon, J. H., 1981, Dimorphism in ammonoids, in: The Ammonoidea, Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 18 ( M. R. House and J. R. Senior, eds.), Academic Press, London, pp. 257–273
Callomon, J. H., 1985, The evolution of the Jurassic ammonite family Cardioceratidae, Spec. Pap. Palaeont. 33: 49–90.
Carlson, B., Awai, M., and Arnold, J., 1992, Waikiki Aquarium’s Chambered Nautilus reach their first “Hatch-day” anniversary, Hawaiian Shell News 40(1): 1, 3–4.
Carriker, M. R., 1972, Observations on removal of spines by muricid gastropods during shell growth, Veliger 15: 69–74.
Chamberlain, J. A., Jr., 1978, Permeability of the siphuncular tube of Nautilus: Its ecologic and paleoecologic implications, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh. 3: 129–142.
Checa, A., 1987, Morphogenesis in ammonites—differences linked to growth pattern, Lethaia 20: 141–148.
Checa, A., 1994, A model for the morphogenesis of ribs in ammonites inferred from associated microsculptures, Palaeontology (Lond.) 37 (4): 863–888.
Checa, A., and Martin-Ramos, D., 1989, Growth and function of spines in the Jurassic ammonite Aspidoceras, Palaeontology (Lond.) 32: 645–655.
Checa, A., and Sandoval, J., 1989, Septal retraction in Jurassic Ammonitina, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh. 4: 193–211.
Checa, A., and Westermann, G. E. G., 1989, Segmental growth in planulate ammonites: Inferences on costal function, Lethaia 22: 95–100.
Clausen, C.-D., 1968, Oberdevonische Cephalopoden aus dem Rheinischen Schiefergebirge. I. Orthocerida, Bactritida, Palaeontogr. Abt. A 128: 1–86.
Cobban, W. A., 1951, Scaphitoid cephalopods of the Colorado group, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 239: 1–42.
Collins, D, and Ward, P. D., 1987, Adolescent growth and maturity, in: Nautilus—The Biology and Paleobiology of a Living Fossil ( W. B. Saunders and N. H. Landman, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 421–432.
Collins, D., Ward, P. D., and Westermann, G. E. G., 1980, Function of cameral water in Nautilus, Paleobiology 6: 168–172.
Cowen, R., Gertman, R., and Wright, G., 1973, Camouflage patterns in Nautilus and their implications for cephalopod paleobiology, Lethaia 6: 201–213.
Crick, R. E., 1978, Morphological variations in the ammonite Scaphites of the Blue Hill Member, Carlile Shale, Upper Cretaceous, Kansas, Univ. Kans. Paleontol. Contrib. Pap. 88: 1–28
Currie, E. D., 1942, Growth changes in the ammonite Promicroceras marstonense Spath, Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. B 61: 344–367.
Currie, E. D., 1943, Growth stages in some species of Promicroceras, Geol. Mag. 80: 15–22.
Currie, E. D., 1944, Growth stages in some Jurassic ammonites, Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 61: 171–198.
Davis, R. A., 1972, Mature modification and dimorphism in selected Late Paleozoic ammonoids, Bull. Am. Paleont. 62 (272): 27–130.
Deevey, E. S., 1947, Life tables for natural populations of animals, Q. Rev. Biol. 22: 283–314.
Denton, E., and Gilpin-Brown, J., 1966, On the buoyancy of the pearly Nautilus, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 46: 723–759.
Diener, C., 1895, Himalayan fossils—the Cephalopoda of the Muschelkalk, Palaeont. Indica Ser. 15, 112: 1–118.
Doguzhaeva, L., 1982. Rhythms of ammonoid shell secretion, Lethaia 15: 385–394.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., 1988, Siphuncular tube and septal necks in ammonite evolution, in: Cepha-lopods—Present and Past ( J. Wiedmann and J. Kullmann, eds.), Schweïzerbart’sche Ver-lagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 291–302.
Dommergues, J.-L., 1988, Can ribs and septa provide an alternate standard for age in ammonite ontogenetic studies?, Lethaia 21: 243–256.
Druschits, V. V., Doguzhaeva, L. A., and Mikhailova, I. A., 1977, The structure of the ammonitella and the direct development of ammonites, Paleontol. J. 11 (2): 188–199.
Elmi, S., and Benshili, K., 1987, Relation entre la structuration tectonique, la composition des peuplements et l’évolution; exemple du Toarcien du Moyen-Atlas méridional (Maroc), Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Ital. 26: 47–62.
Engeser, T. S., 1990, Major events in cephalopod evolution, in: Major Evolutionary Radiations, Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 42 ( P. D. Taylor and G. P. Larwood, eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 119–138.
Fagerstrom, J. A., 1964, Fossil communities in paleoecology: Their recognition and significance, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 75: 1197–1216.
Forester, R. W., Caldwell, W. G. E., and Oro, E. H., 1977, Oxygen and carbon isotopic study of ammonites from the Late Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation in southwestern Saskatchewan, Can. J. Earth Sci. 14: 2086–2100.
Forsythe, J. W., and Van Heukelem, W. F, 1987, Growth, in: Cephalopod Life Cycles, Vol. II ( P. R. Boyle, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 135–156.
Geary, D. H., Breiske, T. A., and Bemis, B. E., 1992, The influence and interaction of temperature, salinity, and upwelling on the stable isotopic profiles of strombid gastropod shells, Palaios 7: 77–85.
Gould, S. J., 1966, Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny, Biol. Rev. 41: 587–640.
Gould, S. J., 1977, Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Belknap Press, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Grossman, E. L., and Ku, T. L., 1986, Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in biogenic aragonite: Temperature effects, Chem. Geol. 59: 59–72.
Guex, J., 1970, Sur les moules internes des Dactyliocératides, Bull. Lab. Geol. Mineral. Geophys. Mus. Geol. Univ. Lausanne 70 (182): 1–7.
Heptonstall, W., 1970. Buoyancy control in ammonoids, Lethaia 3: 317–328.
Hewitt, R. A., 1985, Numerical aspects of sutural ontogeny in the Ammonitina and Lytoceratina, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 170 (3): 273–290.
Hewitt, R. A., 1986, Terminology of ammonoid coiling equations, Lethaia 19: 338.
Hewitt, R. A., 1988, Significance of early septal ontogeny in ammonoids and other ectocochliates, in: Cephalopods—Present and Past ( J. Wiedmann and J. Kullmann, eds.), Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 207–214.
Hewitt, R. A., and Hurst, J. M., 1977, Size changes in Jurassic liparoceratid ammonites and their stratigraphical and ecological significance, Lethaia 10: 287–301.
Hewitt, R. A., and Hurst, J. M., 1983, Aspects of the ecology of actinocerid cephalopods, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 165 (3): 362–377.
Hewitt, R. A., and Stait, B., 1988, Seasonal variation in septal spacing of Sepia officinalis and some Ordovician actinocerid nautiloids, Lethaia 21: 383–394.
Hewitt, R. A., and Watkins, R., 1980, Cephalopod ecology across a late Silurian shelf tract, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 160 (1): 96–117.
Hewitt, R. A., and Westermann, G. E. G., 1987, Function of complexly fluted septa in ammonoid shells, II, Septal evolution and conclusions, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 174 (2): 135–169
Hewitt, R. A., Checa, A., Westermann, G. E. G., and Zaborski, P. M., 1991, Chamber growth in ammonites inferred from color markings and naturally etched surfaces of Cretaceous vasco-ceratids from Nigeria, Lethaia 24: 271–287.
Hewitt, R. A., Westermann, G. E. G., and Checa, A., 1993, Growth rates of ammonites estimated from aptychi, Geobios Mem. Spec. 15: 203–208.
Hirano, H., 1981, Growth rates in Nautilus macromphalus and ammonoids: Its implications, in: International Symposium on Conceptions and Methods in Paleontology, Barcelona ( J. Martinell, ed.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, pp. 141–146.
House, M. R., 1965, A study in the Tornoceratidae: The succession of Tornoceras and related genera in the North American Devonian, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 250 (763): 79–130
Howarth, M. K., 1992, The ammonite family Hildoceratidae in the Lower Jurassic of Britian, Part 1, Palaeontologr. Soc. Monogr. (Land.) 145: 1–106.
Hutchinson, G. E., 1978, An Introduction to Population Ecology, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Hyatt, A., 1894, Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 32 (143): 349–647
Ivanov, A. N., 1971, On the problem of periodicity of the formation of septa in ammonoid shells and in that of other cephalopods, Uch. Zap. Yarvsl. Pedagog. Inst. Geol. Paleontol. 87: 127–130
Ivanov, A. N., 1975, Late ontogeny in ammonites and its characteristics in micro-, macro-and megaconchs, Yarosl. Pedagog. Inst. Sb. Nauchn. Tr. 142: 5–57.
Jacobs, D. K., 1992, Shape. drag, and power in ammonoid swimming, Paleobiologyl 8 (2): 203–220.
Jacobs. D. K., and Landman. N. H., 1993, Nautilusa poor model for the function and behavior of ammonoids? Lethaia 26: 101–111.
Jacobs, D. K., Landman, N. H.. and Chamberlain, J. A., Jr., 1994, Ammonite shell shape covaries with facies and hydrodynamics: Iterative evolution as a response to changes in basinal environment. Geology 22: 905–908.
Jordan, R., and Stahl, W., 1970. Isotopische Paläotemperatur-Bestimmungen an jurassischen Ammoniten und grundsätzliche Voraussetzungen für diese Methode, Geol. Jb. 89: 33–62.
Kahn, P. G. K., and Pompea, S. M., 1978, Nautiloid growth rhythms and dynamical evolution of the Earth–Moon system, Nature 275: 606–611.
Kant, R., 1973a, “Knickpunkte” im allometrischen Wachstum von Cephalopoden-Gehäusen, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 142(1):97–114.
Kant, R., 1973b, Allometrisches Wachstum paläozoischer Ammonoideen: Variabilität und Korrelation einiger Merkmale. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 143 (2): 153–192.
Kant, R., 1973c, Untersuchungen des allometrischen Gehäusewachstums paläozoischer Ammonoideen unter besonder Berücksichtigung einzelner “Populationen,” N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 144 (2): 206–251.
Kant, R., and Kullmann, J., 1973, “Knickpunkte” im allometrischen Wachstum von Cephalopoden-Gehäuse, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 142:7–114.
Kemper, E., and Wiedenroth, K., 1987, Klima und Tier-Migrationen am Beispiel der frühkretazischen Ammoniten Nordwestdeutschlands, Geol. Jahr. A 96: 315–363.
Kennedy, W. J., 1988, Late Cenomanian and Turonian ammonite faunas from north-east and central Texas, Spec. Pap. Palaeontol. 39: 1–131.
Kennedy, W. J., and Cobban, W. A., 1976, Aspects of ammonite biology, biogeography, and biostratigraphy, Spec. Pap. Palaeontol. 17: 1–94.
Kidwell, S. M., and Bosence, D. W. J., 1991, Taphonomy and time-averaging of marine shelly faunas, in: Taphonomy—Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record ( P. A. Allison and D. E. G. Briggs, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 115–209.
Korn, D., and Price, J. D., 1987, Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Kosmoclymeniinae subfam. nov. (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea, Clymeniida), Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 92: 5–75.
Kulicki, C., 1974, Remarks on the embryogeny and postembryonal development of ammonites, Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 19: 201–224.
Kulicki, C., 1979, The ammonite shell: Its structure, development and biological significance, Palaeontol. Pol. 39: 97–142.
Kullmann, J., and Scheuch, J., 1970, Wachstums-Änderungen in der Ontogenese paläozoischer Ammonoideen, Lethaia 3: 397–412.
Kullmann, J., and Scheuch. J., 1972, Absolutes and relatives Wachstum bei Ammonoideen, Lethaia 5: 129–146.
Landman, N H, 1983, Ammonoid growth rhythms, Lethaia 16: 248.
Landman, N. H., 1986, Developmental criteria for comparing ammonite ontogenies, Geol. Soc. Am. Abst. Prog. 18 (6): 665.
Landman, N. H., 1987, Ontogeny of Upper Cretaceous (Turonian–Santonian) scaphitid ammonites from the Western Interior of North America: Systematics, developmental patterns, and life history, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 185 (2): 117–241.
Landman, N. H., 1988, Early ontogeny of Mesozoic ammonites and nautilids, in: Cephalopods—Present and Past ( J. Weidmann and J. Kullmann, eds.), Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 215–228.
Landman, N. H., 1989, Iterative progenesis in Upper Cretaceous ammonites, Paleobiology 15 (2): 95–117.
Landman, N. H., and Cochran, J. K., 1987, Growth and longevity of Nautilus, in: Nautilus—The Biology and Paleobiology of a Living Fossil ( W. B. Saunders and N. H. Landman, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 401–420.
Landman, N. H., and Klofak, S. M., Size frequency studies in Late Cretaceous ammonoids: Evidence for rate of growth, in prep.
Landman, N. H., and Waage, K. M., 1986, Shell abnormalities in scaphitid ammonites, Lethaia 19: 211–224.
Landman, N. H., and Waage, K. M., 1993, Scaphitid ammonites of the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Fox Hills Formation in South Dakota and Wyoming, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 215: 1–257.
Landman, N. H., Tanabe, K., Mapes, R. H., Klofak, S. M., and Whitehill, J., 1993, Pseudosutures in Paleozoic ammonoids. Lethaia 26: 99–100.
Landman, N. H., Cochran, J. K., Rye, D. M., Tanabe, K., and Arnold, J. M., 1994, Early life history of Nautilus: Evidence from isotopic analysis of aquarium-reared specimens, Paleobiology 20 (1): 40–51.
Lange, W., 1932, Über Symbiosen von Serpula mit Ammoniten im unteren Lias Norddeutschlands, Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges. 84: 229–234.
Lehmann, U., 1966, Dimorphismus bei Ammoniten der Ahrensburger Lias-Geschiebe, Paleontol. Z. 40: 26–55.
Lehmann, U., 1981, The Ammonites: Their Life and Their World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Linsley, R. M., and Javidpour, M., 1980, Episodic growth in Gastropoda, Malacologia 20: 153–160.
Lominadzé, T. A., Sharikadzé, M. Z., and Kvantaliani, I. V., 1993, On mechanism of soft body movement within body chamber in ammonites, Geobios Mem. Spec. 15: 267–273.
Mackenzie, C. L., Jr., 1960, Interpretation of varices and growth ridges on shells of Eupleura caudata, Ecology 41 (4): 783–784.
Maeda, H., 1993, Dimorphism of Late Cretaceous false-puzosiine ammonites, Yokoyamaoceras Wright and Matsumoto, 1954 and Neopuzosia Matsumoto, 1954, Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Jpn. N.S. 169: 97–128.
Makowski, H., 1962, Problem of sexual dimorphism in ammonites, Palaeontol. Pol. 12: 1–92.
Makowski, H., 1971, Some remarks on the ontogenetic development and sexual dimorphism in the Ammonoidea. Acta Geol. Pol. 21 (3): 321–340.
Mancini, E. A., 1978, Origin of micromorph faunas in the geologic record, J. Paleontol. 52(2): 311322.
Mangold, K., 1983, Food, feeding and growth in cephalopods, Mem. Natl. Mus. Victoria 44: 81–93.
Mangold, K., 1987, Reproduction, in: Cephalopod Life Cycles, Vol. II ( P. R. Boyle, ed.), Academic Press, London, pp. 157–200.
Matsukawa, M., 1987, Early shell morphology of Karsteniceras (ancyloceratid) from the Lower Cretaceous Choshi Group, Japan and its significance to the phylogeny of Cretaceous hetero-morph ammonites, Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Jpn. New Ser. 148: 346–359.
Matsumoto, T., 1991, The Mid-Cretaceous ammonites of the family Kossmaticeratidae from Japan, Palaeont. Soc. jpn. Spec. Pap. 33: 1–143.
Matsumoto, T., Muramoto, T., and Inoma, A., 1972, Two small desmoceratid ammonites from Hokkaido, Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. jpn. New Ser. 87: 377–394.
Matyja, B. A., 1986, Developmental polymorphism in Oxfordian ammonites, Acta Geol. Pol. 36 (1–3): 37–68.
McConnaughey, T., 1989a, 13C and 180 isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates, I. Patterns, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53: 151–162.
McConnaughey, T., 1989b, 13C and 180 isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates. II. In vitro simulation of kinetic isotope effects, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53:163–171.
Meinhardt, H., and Klinger, M., 1987, A model for pattern formation on the shells of molluscs, J. Theor. Biol. 126: 63–89.
Meischner, D., 1968, Pemiciöse Epökie von Placunopsis auf Ceratites, Lethaia 1: 156–174.
Merkt, J., 1966, Über Austern und Serpeln als Epöken auf Ammonitengehäusen, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 125: 467–479.
Mesnil, B., 1977, Growth and life cycle of squid, Loligo pealei and Illex illecebrosus, from the Northwest Atlantic, ICNAF Sel. Papers 2: 55–69.
Mignot, Y., 1993, Un problème de paléobiologie chez les ammonoïdes (Cephalopoda): Croissance et miniaturisation en liaison avec les environnements, Docum. Lab. Geol. Lyon 124: 1–113.
Mignot, Y., Elmi, S., and Dommergues, J.-L., 1993, Croissance et miniaturisation de quelques Hildoceras (Cephalopoda) en liaison avec des environnements contraignant de la Téthys toarcienne, Geobios Mem. Spec. 15: 305–312.
Miller, A. K., Furnish, W. M., and Schindewolf, O. H., 1957, Paleozoic Ammonoidea, in: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Mollusca 4 ( R. C. Moore, ed.), Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS, pp. 11–80.
Mojsisovics, E. v., 1886, Arktische Triasfaunen, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg 7: 33.
Morton, N., 1988, Segregation and migration patterns in some Graphoceras populations (Middle Jurassic), in: Cephalopods—Present and Past ( J. Wiedmann and J. Kullmann, eds.), Schweiz-erbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 377–385.
Oba, T., Kai, M., and Tanabe, K., 1992, Early life history and habitat of Nautilus pompilius, Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pac. Occas. Pap. 1: 26–29.
Obata, I., 1959, Croissance relative sur quelques espèces des Desmoceratidae, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., Ser. D Geol. 9 (1): 33–45.
Obata, I., 1960, Spirale de quelques ammonites, Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D Geol. 9 (3): 151–163.
Obata, I., 1965, Allometry of Reesidites minimus, a Cretaceous ammonite species, Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, New Ser. 58: 39–63.
Obata, I., Futakami, M., Kawashita, Y., and Takahashi, T., 1978, Apertural features in some Cretaceous ammonites from Hokkaido, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Ser. C (Geol.) 4 (3): 139–155.
Oechsle, E., 1958, Stratigraphie und Ammonitenfauna der Sonninien-Schichten des Filsgebiets unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sowerbyi-Zone (Mittlerer Dogger, Württemberg), Palaeontogr. Abt. A 111: 47–129.
Okamoto, T., 1989, Changes in life orientation during the ontogeny of some heteromorph ammonoids, Palaeontology (Land.) 31 (2): 281–294.
Okamoto, T., 1993, Theoretical modelling of ammonite morphogenesis, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 190 (2/3): 183–190.
Palframan, D. F. B., 1966, Variation and ontogeny of some Oxfordian ammonites: Taramelliceras richei (de Loriol) and Creniceras renggeri (Oppel), from Woodham, Buckinghamshire, Palaeontology (Lond.) 9 (2): 290–311.
Palframan, D. E B., 1967, Mode of early shell growth in the ammonite Promicrocems marstonense Spath, Nature (Land.) 216: 1128–1130.
Pompeckj, J. E, 1884, Über Ammonoideen mit anomaler Wohnkammer, j. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wurtt. 49: 220–290.
Raup, D., 1967, Geometric analysis of shell coiling: Coiling in ammonoids, J. Paleontol. 41: 43–65.
Raup, D., and Chamberlain, J. A., Jr., 1967, Equations for volume and center of gravity in ammonoid shells, J. Paleontol. 41: 566–574.
Richard, A., 1970, Analyse du cycle sexual chez les céphalopodes mise en évidence expérimentale d’un rythme conditionné par les variations des facteurs externes et internes, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 95: 461–469.
Richards, R. P., and Bambach, R. K., 1975, Population dynamics of some Paleozoic brachiopods and their paleoecological significance, J. Paleontol. 49 (5): 775–798.
Rieber, H., 1963, Ammoniten und Stratigraphie des Braunjura ß der Schwaebischen Alb., Palaeontogr. Abt. A 122: 1–89.
Rounsefell, G. A., and Everhart, W. H., 1953, Fishery Science—Its Methods and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Rye, D. M., and Sommer, M. A., 1980, Reconstructing paleotemperature and paleosalinity regimes with oxygen isotopes, in: Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms ( D. C. Rhoads and R. A. Lutz, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 169–202.
Saunders, W. B., 1983, Natural rates of growth and longevity of Nautilus belauensis, Paleobiology 9 (3): 280–288.
Schindewolf, O. H., 1934, Über Epöken auf Cephalopoden-Gehäusen, Palaeontol. Z. 16: 15–31.
Schindewolf, O. H., 1958, Über Aptychen (Ammonoidea), Palaeontogr. Abt. A 111: 1–46.
Seilacher, A., 1960, Epizoans as a key to ammonoid ecology, J. Paleontol. 34: 189–193.
Seilacher, A., 1982, Ammonite shells as habitats in the Poseidonia Shales of Holzmaden—floats or benthic islands? N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 159: 98–114.
Seilacher, A., 1988, Why are nautiloid and ammonite sutures so different? N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 177: 41–67.
Seilacher, A., and Gunji, P. Y., 1993, Morphogenetic countdowns in heteromorph shells, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 190 (2/3): 237–265.
Sheldon, R. W., 1965, Fossil communities with multi-modal size–frequency distributions, Nature 206 (4991): 1336–1338.
Shigeta, Y., 1993, Post-hatching early life history of Cretaceous Ammonoidea, Lethaia 26(2):133–145.
Simoulin, E., 1945, Observations sur la croissance de la coquille chez quelques Stéphanocératides, Ann. Soc. Géol. Nord 65: 9–19.
Smith, J. P., 1898, The development of Lytoceras and Phylloceras, Proc. Calif Acad. Sci. (Geol.) 1 (4): 129–161.
Speden, I. G., 1970, The type Fox Hills Formation, Cretaceous (Maestrichtian), South Dakota, Part 2, Systematics of the Bivalvia, Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Yale Univ. Bull. 33: 1–222.
Stahl, W., and Jordan, R., 1969, General considerations on isotopic paleotemperature determinations and analyses on Jurassic ammonites, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6: 173–178.
Stevens, G. R., 1988, Giant ammonites: A review, in: Cephalopods—Present and Past ( J. Wied-mann and J. Kullmann, eds.), Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 141–166.
Surlyk, F., 1972, Morphological adaptations and population structures of the Danish Chalk brachiopods (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr. 19 (2): 1–57.
Tanabe, K., 1975, Functional morphology of Otoscaphites puerculus (limbo), an Upper Cretaceous ammonite, Trans. Proc. Palaeontol. Soc. Jpn, New Ser. 99: 109–132.
Tanabe, K., 1977, Functional evolution of Otoscaphites puerculus (limbo) and Scaphites planus (Yabe), Upper Cretaceous ammonites, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ. Ser. D (Geol.) 23: 367–407.
Tanabe, K., 1979, Palaeoecological analysis of ammonoid assemblages in the Turonian Scaphites facies of Hokkaido, Japan, Palaeontology (Land.) 22 (3): 609–630.
Tanabe, K., and Landman, N. H., Translocation of the soft body in Mesozoic ammonoids, in prep. Tanabe, T., Obata, I., and Futakami, H., 1981, Early shell morphology in some Upper Cretaceous heteromorph ammonites, Trans. Proc. Palaeontol. Soc. Jpn. New Ser. 124: 215–234.
Tanabe, K., Landman, N. H., and Weitschat, W., 1993, Septal necks in Mesozoic Ammonoidea: Structure, ontogenetic development, and evolution, in: The Ammonoidea: Environment, Ecology, and Evolutionary Change, Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 47 ( M. R. House, ed.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 57–84.
Teisseyre, L., 1889, Über die systematische Bedeutung der sog. Parabeln der Perisphincten, N. Jb. Miner. Geol. PaMont. 6 (1): 570–643.
Tevesz, M. J. S., and Carter, J. G., 1980, Environmental relationships of shell form and structure of unionacean bivalves, in: Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms ( D. C. Rhoads and R. A. Lutz, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 295–322.
Thompson, D. W., 1917, On Growth and Form, Cambridge University Press, London.
Tourtelot, H. A., and Rye, R. O., 1969, Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of Late Cretaceous age, Western Interior region of North America, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 80: 1903–1922.
Tozer, E. T., 1965, Latest Lower Triassic ammonoids from Ellesmere Island and northeastern British Columbia, Geol. Sun’. Can. Bull. 123.
Tozer, E. T., 1991. Relationship between spines, parabolic nodes, rhythmic shell secretion and formation of septa in some Triassic ammonoids, in: The Ammonoidea: Evolution and Environmental Change, Systematics Association Symp. London Prog. Abstr., pp. 23–24.
Trueman, A. E., 1941, The ammonite body-chamber, with special reference to the buoyancy and mode of life of the living ammonite, Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 96: 339–383.
Van Heukelem, W. R,1978, Aging in lower animals, in: Biology of Aging (J. A. Behnke, C. E. Finch, and B. C. Moment, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 115–130.
Vermeij, G. J., 1980, Gastropod shell growth rate, allometry, and adult size—environmental implications, in: Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms ( D. C. Rhoads and R. A. Lutz, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 379–394.
Vermeij, G. J., 1993, A Natural History of Shells, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Waage, K. M., 1968, The type Fox Hills Formation, Cretaceous (Maestrichtian), South Dakota, Part 1, stratigraphy and paleoenvironments, Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Yale Univ. Bull. 27: 1–175.
Wähner, E, 1894, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der tieferen Zonen des unteren Lias in der nordöstlische Alpen, Beitr. Paläontol. Österr. Ungarns. Orients 9 (I–II): 1–54.
Ward, P. D., 1982, The relationship of siphuncle size to emptying rates in chambered cephalopods: Implications for cephalopod paleobiology, Paleobiology 8: 426–433.
Ward, P. D., 1985, Periodicity of chamber formation in chambered cephalopods: Evidence from Nautilus macromphalus and Nautilus pompilius, Paleobiology 11: 438–450.
Ward, P. D., 1986, Rates and processes of compensatory buoyancy change in Nautilus macromphalus, Veliger 28: 356–368.
Ward, P. D., 1987, The Natural History of Nautilus, Allen and Unwin, Boston.
Ward, P. D., 1992, On Methuselah’s Trail, W. H. Freeman, New York.
Ward, P. D., and Chamberlain, J. A., Jr., 1983, Radiographic observation of chamber formation in Nautilus pompilius, Nature (Lond.) 304: 57–59.
Ward, P. D., and Greenwald, L., 1982, Chamber refilling in Nautilus, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 62: 469–475.
Ward, P. D., Greenwald, L., and Magnier, Y., 1981, The chamber formation cycle in Nautilus macromphalus, Paleobiology 7 (4): 481–493.
Weitschat, W., and Bandel, K., 1991, Organic components in phragmocones of Boreal Triassic ammonoids: Implications for ammonoid biology, Paläontol. Z. 65: 269–303.
Weitschat, W., and Bandel, K., 1992, Formation and function of suspended organic cameral sheets in Triassic ammonoids: Reply, Paläontol. Z. 66: 443–444.
Wells, M. J., 1983, Cephalopods do it differently, New Sci. 100: 332–338.
Wells, M. J., and Wells, J., 1959, Hormonal control of sexual maturity in Octopus, J. Exp. Biol. 36: 1–33.
Wells, M. J., and Wells, J., 1977, Cephalopoda: Octopoda, in: Reproduction of Marine Inverte-brates, Vol. IV ( A. C. Giese and J. S. Pearse, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 291–336.
Westermann, G. E. G., 1954, Monographie der Otoitidae (Ammonoidea), Geol. Jahrb. Beih. 15: 1–364.
Westermann, G. E. G., 1958, The significance of septa and sutures in Jurassic ammonite systematics, Geol. Mag. 95 (6): 441–455.
Westermann, G. E. G., 1971, Form, structure, and function of shell and siphuncle in coiled Mesozoic ammonoids, Life Sci. Contr. R. Ont. Mus. 78: 1–39.
Westermann, G. E. G., 1975, Architecture and buoyancy of simple cephalopod phragmocones and remarks on ammonites, Paläontol. Z. 49: 221–234.
Westermann, G. E. G., 1990, New developments in ecology of Jurassic–Cretaceous ammonoids, in: Atti del secondo convegno inernazionale, Fossili, Evoluzione, Ambiente, Pergola, 1987 ( G. Pallini, F. Cecca, S. Cresta, and M. Santantonio, eds.), Tectnostampa, Ostra Vetere, Italy, pp. 459–478.
Westermann, G. E. G., 1992, Formation and function of suspended organic cameral sheets in Triassic ammonoids—discussion, Paläontol. Z. 66 (3/4): 437–441.
Whittaker, S. G., Kyser, T. K., and Caldwell, W. G. E., 1987, Paleoenvironmental geochemistry of the Clagett marine cyclothem in south-central Saskatchewan, Can. J. Earth Sci. 24: 967–984.
Wiedmann, J., and Boletzky, S. v., 1982, Wachstum und Differenzierung des Schlups von Sepia officinalis unterkünstlichen Aufzuchtbedingungen—Grenzen der Anwendung im palökologischen Modell, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 164 (1/2): 118–133.
Zaborski, P. M. P., 1986, Internal mould markings in a Cretaceous ammonite from Nigeria, Palaeontology 29: 725–738.
Zakharov, Y. D., 1977, Ontogeny of ceratites of the genus Pinacoceras and developmental features of the suborder Pinacoceratina, Paleontol. J. 4: 445–451.
Zell, H., Zell, I., and Winter, S., 1979, Das Gehäusewachstum der Ammonitengattung Amaltheus De Montfort während der frühontogenetischen Entwicklung, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh. 10: 631–640.
Zuev, G. V., 1975, Physiological variation in female squids Symplectoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup), Biol. Moyra 38: 55–62.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bucher, H., Landman, N.H., Klofak, S.M., Guex, J. (1996). Mode and Rate of Growth in Ammonoids. In: Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K., Davis, R.A. (eds) Ammonoid Paleobiology. Topics in Geobiology, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9153-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9153-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9155-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9153-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive