Abstract
More than a decade has passed since vaccination made possible the global eradication of smallpox. Vaccination has also been remarkably successful in reducing morbidity and mortality due to yellow fever virus in Africa as well as Central and South America. These vaccines, as well as the vaccines developed after the last World War against measles and rubella, contain live attenuated viruses. While there is no question about the efficacy of such vaccines and their safety in the great majority of recipients, they can produce encephalitis or other complications in humans with immunodeficiency. Many persons in developing countries are immuno-deficient because of infections and poor nutrition (Dowd and Heatley, 1984). The high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in parts of Africa is now recognized. Live bacterial vaccines, e.g. Mycobacterium bovis BCG, can also produce generalized infections in immunocompromised persons. Hence the desirability of developing vaccines based on inactivated viruses or bacteria, or purified antigens, is generally recognized. The question is whether such development is feasible: there is still a widespread belief that only living vaccines can elicit cell-mediated immunity and protection against some infections.
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Allison, A.C. (1989). Antigens and Adjuvants for a New Generation of Vaccines. In: Gregoriadis, G., Allison, A.C., Poste, G. (eds) Immunological Adjuvants and Vaccines. NATO ASI Series, vol 179. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0283-5_1
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