Abstract
Raw soya flour (RSF) feeding to rats produces pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and, if sufficiently prolonged, the spontaneous development of pancreatic neoplasms and the potentiation of pancreatic carcinogens. With continuous exposure to RSF the threshold dose for pancreatic growth is approximately 20% RSF, but the threshold for the other effects has not been defined. If 100% RSF is fed for less than 24 weeks continuously the effects on the pancreas are completely reversible, but feeding for longer than this leads to irreversible progression to pancreatic adenoma and carcinoma over the next 50–70 weeks. Repeated alternation of the diet between 100% RSF and rat chow for prolonged periods leads to effects on the pancreas at least as marked as those seen with continuous RSF feeding. This occurs with RSF feeding for periods as short as 2 days out of 7. The effects seen in the rat must be applied to human nutrition with caution, but it is suggested that infants fed soya based milk substitutes and fad dieters who frequently radically alter dietary composition may be more susceptible to spontaneous or carcinogen-induced pancreatic neoplasms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Booth, A.N., Robbins, D.J., Ribelin, W.E. DeEds, F., Smith, A.K. and Rakis, J.J., 1964, Prolonged pancreatic hypertrophy and reversibility in rats fed raw soybean meal, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 116: 1067–1069.
Cohn, C., Webb, L. and Joseph, D., 1970, Diurnal rhythm in urinary electrolyte excretion in the rat: influence of feeding habits, Life Sci., 9:803–809.
Crass, R.A., 1983, The effects of soya flour diets and azaserine on the growth and function of the rat pancreas, PhD Thesis, University of Western Australia.
Crass, R.A. and Morgan, R.G.H., 1981, Rapid changes in pancreatic DNA, RNA and protein in the rat during pancreatic enlargement and involution, Int. J. Vit. Nutrit. Res., 51:85–91.
Crass, R.A. and Morgan, R.G.H., 1982, The effect of long-term feeding of soya-bean flour diets on pancreatic growth in the rat, Br. J. Nutr., 47:119–129.
Denda, A., Inui, S., Sunagawa, M., Takahashi, S. and Konishi, Y., 1978, Enhancing effect of partial pancreatectomy and ethionone-induced pancreatic regeneration on the tumorigenesis of azaserine in rats, Gann, 69:633–639.
Doell, B.H., Edben, C.J. and Smith, C.A., 1981, Trypsin inhibitor activity of conventional foods which are part of the British diet and some soya products, Qualitas Plantarum, 3:139–150.
Fölsch, U.R. and Wormsley, K.G., 1974, The pancreatic secretion of enzymes in rats treated with soybean diets, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 9, 679–683.
Green, G.M. and Lyman, R.L., 1972, Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion as a mechanism for trypsin inhibitor-induced hypersecretion in rats, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 140:6–12.
Horton, B.J., West, C.E. and Turley, S.D., 1975, Diurnal variation in the feeding pattern of guinea pigs, Nutr. Metab., 18:294–301.
Ihse, I., Arnesjo, B. and Lundquist, I., 1975, Studies on the reversibility of oral trypsin inhibitor induced changes of rat pancreatic exocrine enzyme activity and insulin secretory capacity, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 10, 321–326.
Ihse, I., Lilja, P. and Lundquist, I., 1977, Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion by intestinal trypsin in man, Digestion, 15: 303–303.
Jacobson, D., Tillman, R., Toskes, P. and Curington, C., 1982, Acute and chronic feedback inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion in human subjects, Gastroenterology. 82:1091.
Konishi, Y., Denda, A., Inui, S., Takahashi, S. and Kondo, H., 1976, Pancreatic carcinoma induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-l-oxide after partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy in rats, Gann, 67:919–920.
Levison, D.A., Morgan, R.G.H., Brimacombe, J.S., Hopwood, D., Coghill, G. and Wormsley, K.G., 1979, Carcinogenic effects of di(2-hydroxypropyl)-nitrosamine (DHPN) in male wistar rats: Promotion of pancreatic cancer by a raw soya flour diet, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 14: 217–224.
Liener, I., 1979, Significance for humans of biologically active food factors in soybeans and other food lugumes, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc, 56: 121–129.
Longnecker, D.S., 1984, Lesions induced in rodent pancreas by azaserine and other pancreatic carcinogens, Environ. Health Perspect., 56:245–251.
McGuiness, E.E., Hopwood, D. and Wormsley, K.G., 1982, Further studies of the effects of raw soya flour on the rat pancreas, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 17:273–277.
McGuiness, E.E., Hopwood, D. and Wormsley, K.G., 1983, Potentiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat by DL-ethionine-induced pancreatitis, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 18:189–192.
McGuiness, E.E., Morgan, R.G.H., Levison, D.A., Hopwood, D. and Wormsley, K.G., 1981, Interaction of azaserine and raw soya flour on the rat pancreas, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 16:49–56.
McGuiness, E.E., Morgan, R.G.H., Levison, D.A., Frape, D.L., Hopwood, D. and Wormsley, K.G., 1980, The effect of long term feeding of soya flour on the rat pancreas, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 15:497–502.
McGuiness, E.E., Morgan, R.G.H. and Wormsley, K.G., 1984, Effects of soybean flour on the pancreas of rats, Environ. Health Perspect., 56:205–212.
Morgan, R.G.H., Levison, D.A., Hopwood, D., Saunders, J.H.B. and Wormsley, K.G., 1977, Potentiation of the action of azaserine on the rat pancreas by raw soya bean flour, Cancer Lett., 3:87–90.
Oates, P.S., 1983, Studies on the growth and functional changes in the rat pancreas caused by raw soya flour feeding, PhD Thesis, University of Western Australia.
Oates, P.S. and Morgan, R.G.H., 1984, Short-term effects of feeding raw soya flour on pancreatic, Am. J. Physiol., 247, G667–G673.
Oates, P.S., Morgan, R.G.H. and Light, A.M., 1985, Cell death (apoptosis) during pancreatic involution after raw soya flour feeding in the rat, In Press, Am. J. Physiol., 250.
Pap, A., Berger, Z. and Varro, V., 1981, Trophic effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide in man — a new way in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis? Digestion, 21:163–168.
Pour, P.M. and Birt, D.F., 1983, Modifying factors in pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. IV. Effects of dietary protein, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 71:347–353.
Pour, P.M., Birt, D.F., Salmasi, S.Z. and Götz, U., 1983, Modifying factors in pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. I. Effect of protein-free diet fed during the early stages of carcinogenesis, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 70:141–146.
Rackis, J.J., 1965, Physiological properties of soybean trypsin inhibitors and their relationship to pancreatic hypertrophy and growth inhibition of rats, Fed. Proc., 24:1488–1493.
Rackis, J.J., 1974, Biological and physiological factors in soybeans. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 51:161A–174A.
Rackis, J.J. and Anderson, R.L., 1964, Isolation of four soybean trypsin inhibitors for DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 15, 230–235.
Rackis, J.J., McGee, J.E. and Booth, A.N., 1975, Biological threshold levels of soybean trypsin inhibitors by rat bioassay, Cereal Chem., 52:85–95.
Rackis, J.J., McGee, J.E., Gumbmann, M.R. and Booth, A.N., 1979, Effect of soy proteins containing trypsin inhibitors in long term feeding studies in rats, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 56:162–168.
Roebuck, B.D., Yager, J.D. Jr. and Longnecker, D.S., 1981, Dietary modulation of azaserine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat, Cancer Res., 41: 888–893.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Morgan, R.G.H., Crass, R.A., Oates, P.S. (1986). Dose Effects of Raw Soyabean Flour on Pancreatic Growth. In: Friedman, M. (eds) Nutritional and Toxicological Significance of Enzyme Inhibitors in Foods. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 199. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0022-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0022-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0024-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0022-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive