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A Survey of the Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation, with Emphasis on the Septotemporal Organization of Its Intrinsic and Extrinsic Connections

  • Chapter
Excitatory Amino Acids and Epilepsy

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 203))

Abstract

The hippocampal formation (HF) is composed of the hippocampus proper, i.e., the cornu Ammonis (CA) and the fascia dentata (FD), and the subiculum (Sub). Despite a rather extensive knowledge of its extrinsic and intrinsic connections, the functions of the HF are still an enigma. The suggestion has been made that the hippocampus contains a map of the external spatial environment, but also that it plays a more general role in memory and learning processes (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978; Olton et al., 1982; Olton, 1983; Squire, 1983). A most relevant notion as regards the subject of this symposium is that the HF has long been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. Already in 1880, Sommer reported that many epileptic patients showed extensive loss of neurons, in particular in field CA1 of the CA. Recently, the anatomy of the hippocampal circuitry in relation to the occurrence of seizures has attracted special attention (Somogyi et al., 1983a, b). Although it appears that the basic circuitry is similar in all parts of the hippocampus, the present analysis of the topographical organization of the major intrinsic and extrinsic connections suggests that different parts along the septotemporal axis of the HF are connected with a different set of extra-hippocampal structures (Ruth et al., 1982; Roberts et al., 1984;. Witter and Groenewegen, 1984; Van Groen and Lopes da Silva, 1985).

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  1. Department of Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    M. P. Witter

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  1. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Robert Schwarcz

  2. INSERM-U29, Hôpital de Port-Royal, Paris, France

    Yehezkel Ben-Ari

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Witter, M.P. (1986). A Survey of the Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation, with Emphasis on the Septotemporal Organization of Its Intrinsic and Extrinsic Connections. In: Schwarcz, R., Ben-Ari, Y. (eds) Excitatory Amino Acids and Epilepsy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 203. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7971-3_5

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