Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relation of Trace Metals to Human Health Effects

  • Chapter
Chemical Analysis of the Environment and Other Modern Techniques

Part of the book series: Progress in Analytical Chemistry ((PAC))

Abstract

For the past 150 years, civilized man has been exposed more and more widely to metallic contaminants in his environment, resulting from the products of industry. Canning of foods, for example, was introduced in the Napoleonic Wars, but did not become wide-spread until the Civil War. Smelting of ores and refining of metals has been going on a long time, introducing metals into air and water, but human exposures were usually local; during the past 50 years they have become fairly general. Exposures to lead have occurred in circumscribed areas of the world for 3000 years or more, and were high among the Roman upper classes; the use of lead pipes in soft water areas has lead to sporadic episodes of lead poisoning in persons drinking these waters, but not until 1924, when alkyl lead was put into gasoline as an anti-knock agent were whole civilized populations exposed to lead at an annually increasing rate. Cadmium was an industrial curiosity in 1900, but today its use is sharply increasing in an exponential curve, with resultant contamination of air, water and food.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1967 Mineral Facts and Problems, US Dept of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, US Gov’t Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tipton, I. H., personal communications.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mason, B.: Principles of Geochemistry, 2nd Ed. Wiley: New York, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Schroeder, H. A., Vinton, W. H. Jr. and Balassa, J. J.: Effects of chromium, cadmium and other trace metals on the growth and survival of mice. J. Nutr. 80: 39, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Schroeder, H. A., Vinton, W. H. Jr., and Balassa, J. J.: Effects of chromium, cadmium and lead on the growth and survival of rats. J. Nutr. 80: 48, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schroeder, H. A. and Tipton, I. H.: The human body burden of lead. Arch. Environ. Health 17:965, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bryce-Smith, D.: Lead Pollution.-A growing hazard to public health. Chemistry in Britain 7: 54, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ferm, V. H. and Carpenter, S. J.: The relationship of cadmium and zinc in experimental mammalian teratogenesis. Lab Invest. 18:429, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rains, D. W.: Lead accumulated by Wild Oats (Avena fatua) in a contaminated area. Nature 233: 210, 1971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Marozumi, M., Chow, T. J. and Patterson, C.: Chemical composition of pollutant lead aerosols, terrestrial dusts, and sea salts in Greenland and Antarctic snow strata. Cosmochim. Acta 33: 1247, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Schroeder, H. A.: Cadmium hypertension in rats. Amer J. Physiol. 207: 62, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kanisawa, M. and Schroeder, H. A.: Renal arteriolar changes in hypertensive rats given cadmium in drinking water. Exp. Mol. Path. 10: 81, 1969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schroeder, H. A. and Balassa, J. J. : Influence of chromium, cadmium, and lead on rat aortic lipids and circulating cholesterol. Amer J. Physiol. 209: 433, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Schroeder, H. A. and Buckman, J.: Cadmium hypertension. Its reversal in rats by a zinc chelate. Arch. Environ. Health 14: 693, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Perry, H. M. Jr. and Erlanger, M.: Hypertension and tisBue metal levels after intraperitoneal cadmium, mercury and zinc. Amer. J. Physiol. 220: 808, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Thind, G. S., Karreman, G., Stephan, K. F. and Blakemore, W. S.: Vascular reactivity and mechanical properties of normal and cadmium-hypertensive rabbits. J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 76: 560, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schroeder, H. A., Baker, J. T., Hansen, N. M., Size, J. G. and Wise, R. A.: Vascular reactivity of rats altered by cadmium and a zinc chelate. Arch. Environ. Health 21: 609, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Perry, H. M. Jr. and Schroeder, H. A.: Concentration of trace metals in urine of treated and untreated hypertensive patients compared with normal subjects. J. Lab & Clin. Med.46: 936, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Carroll, R. E.: The relationship of cadmium in the air to cardiovascular death rates. JAMA 198: 267, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pinkerton, C., and Murthy, G. K.: Cadmium contents of milk and cardiovascular disease mortality. Read before the Third Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental Health, Columbia, Mo., University of Missouri, 1969, mimeographed.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Schroeder, H. A.: Cadmium as a factor in hypertension. J. Chron. Dis. 18: 647, 1965.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Schroeder, H. A., Nason, A. P., Tipton, I. H. and Balassa, J. J.: Essential trace metals in man: Zinc. Relation to environmental cadmium. J. Chron. Dis. 20: 179, 1967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Thind, G. S.: Role of cadmium in human and experimental hypertension. J. Air. Poll. Control Assoc.(in press)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Morgan, J. M.: Tissue cadmium concentration in man. Arch. Int. Med. 123: 405, 1969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Schroeder, H. A., Nason, A. P., Prior, R. E., Reed, J. B. and Haessler, W. T.: Influence of cadmium on renal ischemic hypertension in rats. Amer J Physiol. 214: 469, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Morgan, J. M., Burch, H. B. and Watkins, J. B.: Tissue cadmium and zinc content in emphysema and bronchogenic carcinoma. J. Chron. Dis. 24:107, 1971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Friberg, L.: Chronic cadmium poisoning. AMA Arch. Indus. Health 20: 401, 1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kobayashi, J.: Relation between the “itai-Itai” disease and the pollution of river water by cadmium from a mine. Read before the 5th Internat. Water Poll. Res. Conf., Perganon Press Ltd., 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Doll, R.: Cancer of the lung and nose in nickel workers. Brit. J. Indust. Med. 15: 217, 1958.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Browning, E.: Nickel exxema. In: Toxicity of Industrial Metals. 2nd Ed. Butterworth‘s: London, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sunderman, F. W. and Donnelly, A. J.: Studies of nickel carcinogenesis: Metastisizing pulmonary tumors in rats induced by the inhalation of nickel carbonyl. Amer. J. Path. 46: 1027, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Schroeder, H. A., Mitchener, M. and Nason, A. P.: Zirconium, niobium, antimony, vanadium and lead in rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr. 100: 59, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Freiman, D. G. and Hardy, H. L.: Beryllium disease. The relation of pulmonary pathology to clinical course and prognosis based on a study of 130 cases from the US Beryllium Case Registry. Human Pathology 1: 25, 1970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mercury in the Environment. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 713, Dept of Interior, US Gov’t Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Takeuchi, T.: Biological reactions and pathological changes of human beings and animals under the condition of organic mercury contamination. Read before the Ecological Research Branch, Internat. Conf. on Environ. Mercury Contamination, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1970, mimeographed.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Eyl, T. B.: Organic-Mercury food poisoning. New Eng. J. Med. 284: 706, 1971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Westoo, G.: Determination of methyl mercury compounds in foodstuffs. II. Determination of methylmercury in fish, egg, meat and liver. Acta Chem. Scandinavica 21: 1790, 1967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Schroeder, H. A., Kanisawa, M., Frost, D. V. and Mitchener, M.: Germanium, tin and arsenic in rats. Effects on growth, survival, pathological lesions and life span. J. Nutr. 96: 37, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Schroeder, H. A. and Balassa, J. J.: Arsenic, germanium, tin and vanadium in mice. Effects on growth, survival and tissue levels. J. Nutr. 92: 245, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Schroeder, H. A. and Mitchener, M.: Scandium, chromium (VI), gallium, yttrium, rhodium, palladium, indium in mice: Effects on growth and life span. J. Nutr. 101: 1431, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Schroeder, H. A. and Mitchener, M.: Selenium and tellurium in mice: Effects on growth, reproduction, survival and tumors. Arch. Environ. Health(in press)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Schroeder, H. A. and Mitchener, M.: Selenium and tellurium in rats: Effect on growth, survival and tumors. J. Nutr. 101: 1531, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Halsted, J. A. and Smith, J. C.: Plasma-zinc in health and disease. Lancet 1: 322, 1970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Greaves, M. W. and Skillen, A. W.: Effects of long-continued ingestion of zinc sulfate in patients with venous leg ulceration. Lancet 11: 889, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Husain, S. L.: Oral zinc sulphate in leg ulcers. Lancet 11:1069, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Poires, W. J., Henzel, J. H., Rob, C. G. and Strain, W. H.: Acceleration of wound healing in man with zinc sulfate given by mouth. Lancet 1: 121, 1967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Henzel, J. H., Lichti, E., Keitzer, F. W. and Deweese, M. S. Efficacy of zinc medication as a therapeutic modality in atherosclerosis: Follow-up observations on patients medicated over long periods. Read before 4th Annual Conf. on Trace Substances in Environ. Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo., 1970, mimeographed.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Schroeder, H. A., Mitchener, M. and Nason, A. P.: Influence of various sugars, chromium and other trace metals on serum cholesterol and glucose of rats. J. Nutr. 101: 247, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schroeder, H. A., Nason, A. P. and Tipton, I. H.: Chromium deficiency as a factor in atherosclerosis. J. Chron. Dis. 23: 123, 1970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Murphy, E. W., Page, L. and Watt, B. K.: Trace minerals in type A School lunches. J. Amer. Dietetic Assoc. 58: 115, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Trace Element Laboratory, Dartmouth Medical School, 9 Belmont Ave, Brattleboro, Vt., USA

    Henry A. Schroeder M.D. & Dan K. Darrow M.S.

  2. Brattleboro Memorial Hospital, USA

    Henry A. Schroeder M.D. & Dan K. Darrow M.S.

Authors
  1. Henry A. Schroeder M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dan K. Darrow M.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CIBA-Geigy Corporation, Summit, New Jersey, USA

    Sut Ahuja

  2. Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA

    Edward M. Cohen

  3. Laboratory for Environmental Studies, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Theo. J. Kneip

  4. Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

    Jack L. Lambert

  5. Syracuse University Research Corporation, University Heights, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Gunter Zweig

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schroeder, H.A., Darrow, D.K. (1973). Relation of Trace Metals to Human Health Effects. In: Ahuja, S., Cohen, E.M., Kneip, T.J., Lambert, J.L., Zweig, G. (eds) Chemical Analysis of the Environment and Other Modern Techniques. Progress in Analytical Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7245-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7245-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7247-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7245-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation