Abstract
The problem of the critical velocity for the flow of superfluid 4He through small orifices has been long standing.1–6 We reexamine it here in the light of the results obtained by phase slippage experiments. The occurence of phase slips 7–11 when the flow velocity v s exceeds a certain threshold v c marks the onset of dissipation in the superfluid. According to current views,12 dissipative slips of the phase by 2π are caused in 4He by vortex filaments crossing all the streamlines passing through the orifice. The initial stages of this process are, however, still unknown.
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Varoquaux, E., Zimmermann, W., Avenel, O. (1991). Phase-Slippage Studies of the Critical Velocity in Helium-4. In: Wyatt, A.F.G., Lauter, H.J. (eds) Excitations in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Quantum Fluids. NATO ASI Series, vol 257. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5937-1_33
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