Skip to main content

Abstract

Since Havrankonva and co-workers described the widespread distribution of both insulinl and insulin receptors2 in the rat central nervous system (CNS), two basic questions have remained unanswered. The first is the source of this insulin within the CNS, whether locally produced or of pancreatic origin. Second is the function of insulin within the CNS. Does insulin have similar effects. centrally to those outside the CNS or does insulin have unique functions in the CNS?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Havrankova, D. Schmechel, J. Roth, and M. Brownstein, Identification of insulin in rat brain, Proc. Nat. Sci. USA 75: 5737 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Havrankova, J. Roth, and M. Brownstein, Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat, Nature 272: 827 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. S. J. Giddings, J. Chirgwin, and M. A. Permutt, Evaluation of rat insulin messenger RNA in pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues, Diabetologia 28: 343 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Hokfelt, 0. Johansson, A. Ljungdahl, J. M. Lundberg, and M. Schultzberg, Peptidergic neurons, Nature 284: 515 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A. G. E. Pearse, The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17: 303 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Havrankova, J. Roth, and M. Brownstein, Concentrations of insulin and of insulin receptors in the brain are independent of peripheral insulin levels: Studies of obese and streptozotocin-treated rodents, J. Clin. Invest. 64: 636 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Eng and R.S. Yalow, Insulin recoverable from tissues, Diabetes 29: 105 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Oomura and H. Kita, Insulin acting as a modulator of feeding through the hypothalamus, Diabetologia 20 (suppl.): 290 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. L. Rosenzweig, J. Havronkova, M. A. Lesniak, M. J. Brownstein, and J. Roth, Insulin is ubiquitous in extrapancreatic tissues of rats and humans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 572 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. R. W. Stevenson, Further evidence for non-pancreatic insulin immunoreactivity in guinea pig brain, Horm. Metab. Res. 15: 526 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. L. Rosenzweig, M. A. Lesniak, B. A. Samuels, C. C. Yip, A. E. Zimmeraman, J. Roth, Insulin in the extrapancreatic tissues of guinea pig differs markedly from the insulin in their pancreas and plasma, Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys. 93: 263 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. L. Rosenzweig, D. LeRoith, M. A. Lesniak, C. C. Yip, D. N. Orth, H. R. Nankin, P. Murone, M. Berelowitz, L. A. Frohman, A. S. Liotta, D. T. Krieger, and J. Roth, Two distinct insulin-related molecules in the guinea pig: immunological and biochemical characterization of insulin-like immunoreactivity from extrapancreatic tissues of the guinea pig, Diabetologia 28: 237 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Dorn, A. Rinne, H. G. Bernstein, H. J. Hahn, and M. Ziegler, Insulin and C-peptide in human brain neurons, J. Hirnforsch. 24: 495 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. G. Baskin, L. J. Stein, H. Ikeda, S. C. Woods, D. P. Figlewicz, D. Porte, Jr., M. R. C. Greenwood, and D. M. Dorsa, Genetically obese Zucker rats have abnormally low brain insulin content, Life Sci. 36: 627 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. C. Woods and D. Porte, Jr., Relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid insulin levels of the dog, Am. J. Physiol. 233: E331 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. J. Stein, D. M. Dorsa, D. G. Baskin, D. P. Figlewicz, H. Ikeda, S. P. Frankman, M. R. C. Greenwood, D. P. Porte, Jr., and S. C. Woods, Immunoreactive insulin levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of genetically obese Zucker rats, Endocrinology 113: 2299 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. J. L. Frank, W. M. Pardridge, W. L. Morris, R. G. Rosenfeld, and T. B. Choi, Binding and internalization of insulin and insulin-like growth factors by isolated brain microvessels, Diabetes 35: 654 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Dorn, H.-G. Bernstein, H.-J. Hahn, M. Ziegler, and H. Rummelfanger, Insulin immunohistochemistry of rodent CNS: apparent species differences but good correlation with radioimmunological data, Histochemistry 71: 60 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. K. Raizada, Localization of insulin-like immunoreactivity in neurons from primary cultures of rat brain, Exp. Cell Res. 143: 351 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. J. Chan, V. Episkopov, S. Zeitlin, S. D. Karathanasis, A. Mackrell, D. F. Steiner, and A. Efstratiadis, Guinea pig preproinsulin gene: an evolutionary compromise?, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 81: 5046 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. N. P. Birch, D. L. Christie, and A. G. C. Renwick, Proinsulin-like material in mouse foetal brain cell cultures, FEBS Let. 168: 299 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. D. W. Clarke, L. Mudd, F. T. Boyd, Jr., M. Fields, and M. K. Raizada, Insulin is released from rat brain neuronal cells in culture, J. Neurochem. 47: 831 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G. C. Budd, B. Pansky, B. Cordell, Insulin or insulin-like peptides in the pituitary gland, J. Cell Biol. 97: 404A (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. H. Lee, B. C. Lin, E. Costa, D. M. Chuang, Detection of mRNA species in the brain and other tissues of rat which hybridize with proinsulin gene, Fed. Proc. 43: 2219 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. L. Cooper and D. W. Clarke, Transcription of the insulin gene in the brain and submandibular gland of the rat, Pediatr. Res. 19: 311A (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. S. Young, Periventricular hypothalamic cells in the,rat brain contain insulin mRNA, Neuropeptides 8: 93 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. D. W. Clarke, F. T. Boyd, Jr., M. S. Kappy, and M. K. Raizada, Insulin stimulates macromolecular synthesis in cultured glial cells from rat brain, Am. J. Physiol. 249: C484 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. D. G. Puro and E. Agardh, Insulin-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation, Science 225: 1170 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R. A. Palovicik, M. I. Phillips, M. S. Kappy, and M. K. Raizada, Insulin inhibits pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices, Brain Res. 309: 187–191 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Sauter, M. Goldstein, J. Engel, and K. Ueta, Effect of insulin on central catecholamines, Brain Res. 260: 330 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Barbaccia, D. Chuang, and D. Costa, Is insulin a neuromodulator?, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 33: 511 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. F. T. Boyd, Jr., D. W. Clarke, T. F. Muther, and M. K. Raizada, Insulin receptors and insulin modulation of norepinephrine uptake in neuronal cultures from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem. 260:15880 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  33. S. C. Woods, E. C. Lotter, L. D. McKay, and D. Porte, Jr., Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons, Nature 282: 503–505 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. J. Szabo and O. Szabo, Influence of the insulin sensitive central nervous system glucoregulator receptor on hepatic glucose metabolism, J. Physiol. 253: 121 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. C. Woods, D. Porte, Jr., Effect of intracisternal insulin on plasma glucose and insulin in the dog, Diabetes 24: 905 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clarke, D.W., Poulakos, J.J., Mudd, L.M., Raizada, M.K., Cooper, D.L. (1987). Evidence for Central Nervous System Insulin Synthesis. In: Raizada, M.K., Phillips, M.I., LeRoith, D. (eds) Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factors, and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5380-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5380-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5382-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5380-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics