Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Control Through Breeding Methods of Factors Affecting Nutritional Quality of Cereals and Grain Legumes

  • Chapter
Nutritional Improvement of Food and Feed Proteins

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 105))

Abstract

The comparison of nutritional quality parameters of proteins from cultivated cereal and legume species with animal proteins indicate the poor nutritional value of these plant products. The nutritive value of different cereal and legume species is very variable and large differences have also been observed coming from cultivars belonging to the same species. Many interpreting factors, such as protein content, essential amino acid composition and availability, protein digestibility and others are involved in such a high variability. In addition, cereals as well as legumes may contain large amounts of antinutritional factors which can have serious effects under particular circumstances (i. e. tannins in a low-protein diet or phytates in a metal-deficient diet). Some legume species also contain chemicals of a different nature (i. e. lathyrogens, cyanogenetic glycosides, and others) which may be extremely toxic when ingested in significant amounts. The plant breeder attempting to develop higher-yielding, disease-resistant and nutritionally-improved crop varieties should be aware of such a complex of factors and alert to the possible production or increse of undesirable products or deleterious changes in chemical composition. Available data, although rather limited, indicate valuable breeding approaches to the improvement of nutritive value of cereal and legume grains for humans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, M. W. (1975). On the quest for quality in the field bean. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’. M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Attia, F. and Creek, R. D. (1965). Studies on raw and heated wheat germ for young chicks. Cereal Chem., 42, 494–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Almquist, H. J., Christensen, H. L. and Maurer, S. (1966). Sulphide liberation from raw soybean protein. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Med. Biol., 122, 913–914.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axtell, J. D. (1976). Naturally occurring and induced genotypes of high lysine sorghum. In ‘Evaluation of Seed Protein Alteration by Mutation Breeding’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, S., Mickelsen, O., Baker, L. R. and Markarian, D. (1971a). The quality of protein in various lines of peas. Brit. J. Nutr., 25, 207–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, S., Mickelsen, O., Lillerik, H. A., Baker, L. R., Bergen, W. G. and Gil, J. L. (1971b). Prediction of protein efficiency ratio of peas from their albumin content. Crop Sci., 11, 813–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, S. (1973). Biological value of legume protein as influenced by genetic variation. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York, 223–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldi, G., Buiatti, M. and Salamini, F. (1972). Introduzione al miglioramento genetico qualitativo. Edagricole, Bologna, Italy, 25–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bathia, C. R. (1976). Prospects for using aneuploids and their derivatives for wheat protein improvement. In ‘Evaluation of Seed Protein Alteration by Mutation Breeding’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 63–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, E. A. (1973). Aminonitriles and amino acids not derived from proteins. In ‘Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods’, Natl. Acad. Sci., Natl. Res. Council, Washington, D.C., 153–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birk, Y., Gertler, A. and Kholz, S. (1963). Separation of a Tribolium proteinase inhibitor from soybeans on a calcium phosphate column. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 67, 326–328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bliss, F. A. and Hall, T. C. (1977). Food Legumes - compositional and nutritional changes induced by breeding. Cereal Foods World, 22, 106–113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bliss, F. A., Barker, L. N., Franckowiak, J. D. and Hall, T. C. (1973). Genetic and environmental variation of seed yield, yield components and seed protein quantity and quality of cowpea. Crop Sci., 13, 656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodwell, C. E. (1977a). Application of animal data to human protein nutrition: A review. Cereal Chem., 54, 958–984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodwell, C. E. (1977b). The use of enzymatic assays for the determination of nutritional quality. In ‘Evaluating the Nutritional Quality of Mutants with Altered Grain Protein Characteristics’. IAEA, Vienna, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulter, D. and Evans, I. M. (1976). Legume proteins, their nutritional improvement and screening techniques. In ‘Evaluation of Seed Protein Alterations by Mutation Breeding’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 147–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bressani, R. (1973). Legumes in human diets and how they might be improved. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York, 15–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bressani, R. and Elias, L. G. (1968). Processed vegetable protein mixtures for human consumption in developing countries. Adv. Food Res., 16, 1–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buonocore, V., Petrucci, T. and Silano, V. (1977). Wheat protein inhibitors of a-amylase. Phytochemistry, 16, 811–820.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burr, H. K. (1975). Pulse proteins. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds’, Part 2, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 119–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, K. L., Rogers, Q. R. and Harper, A. E. (1962). Observation on protein digestion in vivo. Further observation on the gastrointestinal contents of rats fed different dietary proteins. J. Nutr., 76, 235–241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conn, E. E. (1973). Cyanogenetic glycosides. In ‘Toxicants Naturally Occurring in Foods’, Natl. Acad. Sci., Natl. Res. Council, Washington, D. C., 299–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalby, A. (1974). Rapid method for determining the zein content of whole maize seed or isolated endosperm. Cereal Chem., 51, 586–592.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Muelenaere, H. J. H., Chen, K. L. and Harper, A. E. (1961). Studies on availability of amino acids. Effects of alcohol treatment of corn gluten. J. Nutr., 74, 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Muelenaere, H. J. H., Chen, K. L. and Harper, A. E. (1967). Assessment of factors influencing estimation of availability of threonine, isoleucine and valine in cereal products. J. Ag. Food Chem., 15, 318–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darbyshire, E., Wright, D. J. and Boulter, D. (1976). Legumin and vicilin, storage proteins of legume seeds. Phytochem., 15,3–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doll, H., KOie, B. and Eggum, B. O. (1974). Induced high lysine mutants in barley. Radiat. Bot., 14, 73–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EEC (Commission of the European Communities) (1977). Techniques for the separation of barley and maize proteins. B. J. Miflin and P. R. Shewry (Eds.), Coordination of Agricultural Research (EUR 5687e), 1–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggum, B. O. (1970). Current methods of nutritional protein evaluation. In ‘Improving Plant Protein by Nuclear Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 289–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggum, B. O. (1973). Biological availability of amino acid constituents in grain protein. In ‘Nuclear Techniques for Seed Protein Improvement’ IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 391–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggum, B. O. (1977). The nutritive quality of cereals. Cereal Res., Commun., 5, 153–157. See also paper by B. O. Eggum, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggum, O. and Christensen, R. D. (1975). Influence of tannin on protein utilization in feedstuffs with special reference to barley. In ‘Breeding for Seed Protein Improvement Using Nuclear Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 135–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, A. M. (1975). Genetic improvement of Phaseolus vulgaris. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. J. and Bandemer, S. L. (1967). Nutritive value of legume seed protein. J. Ag. Fd. Chem., 15, 439–443.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Favret, E. A., Manghers, L., Solari, R., Avila, A. and Monesiglio, J. C. (1970). Gene control of protein production in cereal seeds. In ‘Improving Plant Protein by Nuclear Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 87–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feeney, P. P. (1969). Inhibitory effect of oak leaf tannins on the hydrolysis of proteins by trypsin. Phytochem., 8, 2119–2126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima, D. (1968). Internal structure of 7S and 11S globulin molecules in soybean proteins. Cereal Chem., 45, 203–224.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, J. M., Blagrove, R. J. and Randall, P. J. (1976). Regulation of the globulin of lupin seed. In ‘Evaluation of Seed Protein Alterations by Mutation Breeding’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonopathy, S. N. and Chitrie, R. G. (1970). Simple method for determining lysine and tryptophan in high lysine and normal maize. Fed. Proc., 29, 761 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan, C. (1968). Leucine and pellagra. Nutr. Rev. 26, 323–326. Gopalan, C. (1970). Some recent studies in the nutrition research laboratories. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23, 35–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, G. H., Olds, B. A., Mattens, G. and Lyman, R. L. (1973). Protein as a regulator of pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Med. Biol., 142, 1162–1167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottschalk, W., Müller, H. P. and Wolff, G. (1975). Relations between production protein quality and environmental factors in Pisum mutants. In ‘Breeding for Seed Protein Improvement Using Nuclear Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 105–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, T. R. and Ryan, C. A. (1972). Wound-induced proteinase inhibitor in plant leaves: a possible defense mechanism against insects. Science, 175, 776–777.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackler, L. R. (1977). Methods of ensuring protein quality: A review of bioassay procedures. Cereal Chem., 54, 984–995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hankes, L. V. Leklem, J. E. Brown, R. R. McKel, and McKel, R.C.P.M. (1971). Tryptophan metabolism in patients with pellagra: Problem of vitamin B6 enzyme activity and feedback control of tryptophan pyrrolase enzyme. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 24, 730–739.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, N. and Juliano, B. O. (1977). Ultrastructure of endosperm protein bodies in developing rice grains differing in protein content. Ann. Bot., 41, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegsted, D. M. and Juliano, B. O. (1974). Difficulties in assessing the nutritional quality of rice protein. J. Nutr., 104,772–781.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, H. W., Varak, D. L., Satterlee, L. D. and Miller, G. A. (1977). A multi-enzyme technique for estimating protein digestibility. J. Food Sci., 42, 1269–1273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hundley, J. M. (1957). Lysine, threonine and other supplements to rice diets in man: amino acid imbalance. Am J. Clin. Nutr., 5, 316–326.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) (1977).’Nutritional Evaluation of Cereal Mutants’, Vienna, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) (1974). Annual Report for 1973. Los Banos, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) (1976). Annual Report for 1975. Los Banos, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, W. G. (1950). Protein digestibility and trypsin inhibitor activity of legume seeds. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 75, 219–220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, W. G. (1973a). Toxic proteins and peptides. In ‘Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods’, Natl. Acad. Sci., Natl. Res. Council, Washington, D. C., 106–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, W. G. (1973b). Factors affecting the nutritional value of beans. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, Wiley and Sons, New York, 43–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, W. G. and Hanning, K. (1965). Fractionation of proteins from kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 109, 80–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, W. G., Moreno, R. and Wallis, V. (1973). Amylase inhibitors in legume seeds. Nutr. Repts. Int., 7, 169–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe’, W. G. and Vega Lette, G. L. (1968). Heat-labile and growth-inhibiting factors in beans. J. Nutr., 94, 203–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayne-Williams, D. J. and Burgess, C. D. (1974). Further observation on the toxicity of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) fo Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). J. Applied Bact., 37, 149–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, V. A. and Lay, C. L. (1974). Genetic improvement of plant protein. J. Agr. Food Chem., 22, 558–566.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, V. A., Mattern, P. J., and Schmidt, J. W. (1967). Crop Sci., 7, 664–667. See also paper by V.A. Johnson and P. A. Mattern, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juliano, B. O. (1977). Recent developments in rice research. Cereal Food World, 22, 284–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juliano, B. O., Antonio A. A. and Esmama, B. V. (1973). Effects of protein content on the distribution and properties of rice protein. J. Sci. Food Agr., 24, 295–306.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakade, M. L. (1974). Biochemical basis for the differences in plant protein utilization. J. Agr. Food Chem., 22, 550–555.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakade, M. L., Arnold, R. L., Liener, I. E. and Warbel, P. E. (1969). Unavailability of cystine from trypsin inhibitors as a factor contributing to the poor nutritive value of navy beans. J. Nutr., 99, 34–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakade, M. L., Simons, N., Liener, I. E. and Lambert, J. E. (1972). Biochemical and nutritional assessment of different varieties of soybeans. J. Agr. Food Chem., 20, 87–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakade, M. L., Hof fa, D. D. and Liener, I. E. (1973). Contribution of trypsin inhibitors to the deleterious effects of unheated soybeans fed to rats. J. Nutr., 103 1772–1778.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, H. W., Varak, D. L., Satterlee, D. D. and Miller, G. A. (1977). A multi-enzyme technique for estimating protein digestibility. J. Food Sci., 42, 1269–1273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasarda, D. D. (1975). Celiac disease: malabsortion of nutrients induced by a toxic factor in gluten. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds, Part 2, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 565–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasarda, D. D., Bernardin, J. E. and Nimmo, C. (1976). Wheat proteins. In ‘Advances in Cereal Science and Technology’, Y. Pomeranz (Ed.), American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN, 158–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeler, R. F. (1969). Toxic and teratogenic alkaloids of Western range plants. J. Agr. Food Chem., 17, 473–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. F. (1973). Increasing protein quantity and quality. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York, 179–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. D. (1974). Genetic modification of protein quantity and quality in beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Ph. D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kies, C., Petersen, M. R. and Fox, H. M. (1972). Protein nutritive value of amino acid-supplemented and unsupplmented precooked dehydrated oatmeal. J. Food Sci., 37, 306–309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laundry, J. and Moureaux, T. (1977). Hétc’rogeité des glutelins du grain de mais - Extraction selective et composition des acides amines de trois fractions isolees. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol., 52, 1021–1037.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leleji O. I., Dickson M. H. and Hackler L. R. (1972). Effect of genotype on microbiologically available methionine content of bean seeds. Hort. Sci., 7, 277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liener, I. E. (1975). Effects of anti-nutritional and toxic factors on the quality and utilization of legume proteins. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds, Part 2: Quality FactorsPlant Breeding, Composition, Procesing, and Antinutrients’, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 523–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liener, I. E. (1973). Antitryptic and other nutritional factors in legumes. In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York, 239–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liener, I. E. and Kakade, M. L. (1969). Protease inhibitors. In Toxic Constitutents of Plant Foodstuffs’, I. E. Liener(Ed.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindgreen, E. (1975). The nutritive value of peas and field beans for hens. Swed. J. Agr. Res., 5, 159–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, K. and Lee, V. A. (1977). The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in nutrition. CRC Food Science and Nutrition, 8, 383–458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotan, R. and Sharon, N. (1977). Modification of the biological properties of plant lectins by chemical crosslinking. In ‘Protein Crosslinking: Biochemical and Molecular Aspects’, M. Friedman (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 149–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macri, A., Valfré, F., Parlamenti, R., and Silano, V. (1977). Adaptation of the domestic chicken, Gallus domesticus, to continuous feeding of albumin amylase inhibitors from wheat flour as gastroresistant microgranules. Poultry Sci., 56, 434–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maes, E. (1962). Progressive extraction of proteins. Nature, 193, 880.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, J. J. and Lauda, C. H. (1975). Purification and properties of phaseolomin, an inhibitor of a-amylase from the kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris J. Biol. Chem., 150, 8030–8037.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, E. T. (1975). Breeding for improved nutritional value in cereals. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds, Part 2: Quality Factors - Plant Breeding, Composition, Processing, and Antinutrients’, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1–12. See also paper by E. T. Mertz, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, E. T., Bates, L. S. and Nelson O. E. (1964). Mutant gene that changes protein composition and increases lysine content in maize endosperm. Science, 45, 279–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milic, B. L., Stoyanovic, S. and Vucurecic, N. (1972). Lucerne tannins: Isolation of tannins from lucerne, their nature and influence on the digestive enzymes in vitro. J. Sci. Food Agr., 23, 1157–1162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mossd, J. and Baudet, J. (1969). Etude intervarietale de la qualite proteique des orges: taux d’zote, composition en acides amines et richesse en lysine. Ann. Physiol. Veg., 11, 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munck, L. (1972). Improvement of nutritional value in cereals. Hereditas, 72, 1–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munck, L., Karlsson, K. E., Hagberg, A. and Eggum, B. O. (1970). Gene for improved nutritional value in barley seed protein. Science, 168, 985–989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munck, L. (1976). Aspects of the selection, design and use of high lysine cereals. In ‘Evaluation of Seed Protein Alterations by Mutation Breeding’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narahari, P. and Bathia, C. R. (1975). Induced mutation for increasing protein content in wheat and rice. In ‘Breeding for Seed Protein Improvement Using Nuclear Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 23–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narahari, P., Bathia, C. R., Gopalakrishna, T, and Mitra, R. K. (1976). Mutation induction of protein variability in wheat and rice. In ‘Evaluation of Seed Protein Alterations by Mutation Breeding’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 119–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, O. E. (1969). Adv. Agron., 21, 171–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, A. C., Becker, R., Miers, J. C., Gumbmann, M. R. and Wagner, J. R. (1975). Problems in the digestibility of dry beans. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds,’ Part 2, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 551–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • PAG (Protein Advisory Group) Statement 22 (1973). In ‘Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding’, M. Milner (Ed.), Wiley and Sons, New York, 349–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patwardhan, V. N. and White, J. W. (1973). Problems associated with particular foods. In ‘Toxicants Naturally Occurring in Foods’, Natl. Acad. Sci., Natl. Res. Council, Washington, D. C.,477–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez, C. M., Cagampang, B., Esmana, V., Monserrate, R. U. and Juliano, B. O. (1973). Protein metabolism in leaves and developing grains of rice differing in grain protein content. Plant Physiol., 51, 537–542.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrucci, T., Rab, A., Tomasi, M. and Silano, V. (1976). Further characterization studies of the a-amylase protein inhibitor of gel electrophoretic mobility 0.19 from wheat kernel. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 420, 288–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pomeranz, Y. (1975). Protein and amino acids of barley, oats, and buckwheat. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds’, Part 2, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 13–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, W.M. (1972). Genetic control of protein and sulfur contents in dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Pressey, R. (1972). Natural enzyme inhibitors in plant tissues. J. Food Sci., 37, 521–523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pusztai, A., Grant, G. and Palmer, R. (1975). Nutritional evaluation of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris): the isolation and and partial characterization of toxic constituents. J. Sci. Food Agric., 26, 149–156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pusztai, A. and Watt, W. B. (1974). Isolectins of Phaseolus vulgaris. A comprehensive study of fractionation. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 365, 57–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pusztai, A. (1972). Metabolism of trypsin-inhibitory proteins in the germinating seeds of kidney beans. Planta, 107, 121–129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabson, R. and Atkins, C. A. (1975). Workshop report: Genetic and physiological basis of seed protein synthesis as related to nuclear technology. In ‘Breeding for Seed Protein Improvement Using Nuclear. Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 211–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, M. (1977). The proteinase inhibitors of plants and microorganisms. Phytochemistry, 16, 159–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, A. P. (1975). A comparison of two rapid screening methods for the selection of high-lysine barleys. J. Sci. Food Agric., 26, 1793–1805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutgers, J. N. (1970). Variation in protein content and its relation to other characters in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Report Dry Bean Res. Conference, Davis, California, 10, 59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, R. H. and Kohler G. O. (1972). In vitro determination of protein digestibility in wheat millfeeds and monogastric animals. Cereal Chem., 49, 98–103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, R. H., Connor, M. A., Edwards, R. N. and Kohler, G. O. (1972). Enzymatic processing of wheat bran: effects on nutrient availability. Cereal Chem., 49, 436–442.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scrimshaw, N. S., Bressani, R., Bchar, M. and Viteri, F. (1958). Supplementation of cereal proteins with amino acids. J. Nutr., 66, 485–514.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seidl, D., Jaffe, M. and Jaffe, W. G. (1969). Digestibility and proteinase inhibitory action of a kidney bean globulin. J. Agr. Food Chem., 17, 1318–1321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, T. P. (1975). Cereal protein: chemistry and food applications. CRC Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 6, 1–77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silano, V. (1977). Factors affecting digestibility and availability of protein in cereals. In ‘Nutritional Evaluation of Cereal Mutants’,IAEA, Vienna, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, V. L. and Kratzer, F. H. (1973). Plant Phenolics. In ‘Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods6 Natl. Acad. Sci., Nat-l. Res. Council, Washington, D. C., 309–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahmann, M. A. and Woldegiorgis G. (1975). Enzymatic methods for protein quality determination. In ‘Protein Nutritional Quality of Foods and Feeds, Part 1: Assay Methods - Biological, Biochemical, and Chemical’, M. Friedman (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 211–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanyan, V., Narayanarao, M., Rannarao, G. and Swaminathan, H. (1955). The metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in human adults on a poor vegetarian diet containing ragi. Brit. J. Nutr., 9, 350–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, S. M. McLeester R. C., Bliss F. A. and Hall T. C. (1974). Reversible and irreversible dissociation of globulins from Phaseolus vulgaris seed. J. Biol. Chem., 249, 118–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan, M. S., Naik, M. S., Kaul, A. K. and Austin, A. (1970). Choice of strategy for the genetic upgrading of proteins in cereals, millets and pulses. In ‘Improving Plant Protein by Nuclear Techniques’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 165–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan M. S., Austin A., Kaul A. K. and Naik M. S. (1969). In ‘New Approaches to Breeding for Improved Plant Protein’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, M. and Alumont, E. (1969). Inhibition of digestive enzyme by condensed tannins from green and ripe carobs. J. Sci. Food Agric., 20, 199–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Buren, J. P. and Robinson, W. B. (1969). Formation of complexes between protein and tannic acid. J. Agric. Food Chem., 17, 772–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Etten, C. H. and Wolff, I. A. (1973). Natural sulfur compounds. In ‘Toxicants Naturally Occurring in Foods’, Natl. Acad. Sci., Nat-l. Res. Council, Washington, D. C., 210–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, P. R., Waide, J. J., Cole, C. V. and Ross, C. (1969). Improving bean protein. Report Ninth Dry Bean Research Conference, ARS 74–50, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Production and Protection Division, FAO, Crop and Grassland Production Service, Rome, Italy

    Alessandro Bozzini

  2. Laboratory of Toxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy

    Vittorio Silano

Authors
  1. Alessandro Bozzini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vittorio Silano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Western Regional Research Laboratory, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California, USA

    Mendel Friedman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bozzini, A., Silano, V. (1978). Control Through Breeding Methods of Factors Affecting Nutritional Quality of Cereals and Grain Legumes. In: Friedman, M. (eds) Nutritional Improvement of Food and Feed Proteins. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 105. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3368-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3366-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation